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After four years of queuing on the Swedish list for transplant kidneys, Sam was tired of waiting – he went to Pakistan and bought a new kidney. But where did the new kidney come from? And was the donation of the organ he received really voluntary? In this book, Susanne Lundin explores the murky world of organ trade, where desperate patients like Sam are small pieces in a big puzzle. In her ethnogr
We present an incremental energy minimization model for magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) whose derivation departs from the constrained theory of magnetoelasticity [1], but additionally accounts for elastic deformations, magnetization rotation, and dissipative mechanisms. The minimization of the proposed incremental energy yields the evolution of the internal state variables. In this sense, the
The Somalia Reconciliation Conference led by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), in Eastern Africa, is focusing on creating a basis for dialogue as a means of reaching peace and stability in the region (Somali Reconciliation Conference, 2003; IGAD, 2002). This paper deals with the critical implications with focusing on dialogue as a means of promoting long-term peace.
A fundamental building block of any Grid infrastructures is the Grid information service and the information model. The information model describes the entities and relationships between entities within the infrastructure along with their semantics. The realization into a concrete data model defines the syntax by which these concepts can be exchanged. This data model enables consumers of informati
The aim of this study is two folded. We wish to investigate if there is a value premium from hedging jet fuel exposure for American and European airlines. We also seek to answer if airlines can affect their probability to default by using Risk Management. During the period 2003 – 2006 there existed a value premium for airlines that hedged their expected future consumption of jet fuel. This premium
Whether executed as full-scale war or acts short of war, acts of aggression have consistently shaped the history of humankind. Acts of aggression would not occur if it were not for the involvement of individuals. The historical development of aggression in international law has seen a shift from a regime solely focusing on the unlawfulness of the action by States, to include the unlawfulness of th
Public participation in environmental decision-making has been increasingly recognised in national, regional and international law in the last decades. In parallel, the World Bank - an inter-state development bank and international organisation - has developed a set of safeguard policies including provisions on public participation in environmental decision-making. Public participation is about re
This paper develops a theoretical approach towards understanding treaty opt-outs from EU common policies by drawing on Putnam’s Two-Level Games theory. In doing so, the paper first presents treaty opt-outs as defections from negotiations by looking at previous research regarding opt-outs. Then, the paper goes on to concentrate on different European integration theories in order to explain their sh
Thesis Purpose: This thesis investigates users of crowdfunding platforms in order to further the insight into understanding what affects their motives and behaviour. The relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as peer influence is investigated. Theoretical Perspective: This study is grounded on the limited theories surrounding crowdfunding and crowdsourcing, as well as rele
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Conodonterna var en framgångsrik och diversifierad marin djurgrupp som levde från ungefär mellankambrium (~ 500 Ma) till slutet av trias (200 Ma). Från ett fåtal bevarade avtryck vet man att djuren var långsmala, endast några cm långa och hade fenor. Avtrycken är svårtolkade, men mycket tyder på att conodonterna var förhållandevis avancerade och kanske till och Elements from the Ordovician conodont genus Protopanderodus Lindström, 1971 have been investigated to provide a model of reconstruction of the oral apparatus of this genus. In total, 4202 elements from the only five species representing Protopanderodus in the Swedish Middle Ordovician conodont fauna were included in the study. Four of the species, P. rectus, P. robustus, P. graeai and P. parvibasi
The proportion of meals the Europeans eat outside their home steadily increases. We take coffee breaks at work, eat lunch in the office canteen, we order take-away, we go to cafés or pubs to spend time with our friends, we easily grab a snack in vending machines and we eat on airplanes and trains to just mention a few examples. Eating out is nowadays more of an everyday activity than a luxury even
This project uses proton-proton collision data from the ALICE experiment at CERN to investigate the differences between three ways to classify events, known as event shape classifiers. The event shape classifiers that were investigated are RT , spherocity and flattenicity. The motivation behind this is the consistent use of these classifiers to select events when investigating the heavy-ion like
We study a 1+1 dimensional Yang-Mills model in the light-cone gauge (the ’t Hooft model). The colour group is SU (N ) and we study the limit N → ∞, the limit is taken such that g²N is kept constant. In this limit the only contributing diagrams are planar diagrams without gluon-gluon interactions. Using this, it is shown that there are no free quarks in this model. The bound state wave equation is
Embedded systems are hard to debug and the field of control software testing is relatively unexplored. Progress in these areas could provide better testing heuristics and safer systems. More specifically, hardware emulation is a potentially powerful tool that can help improve the speed and quality of the development cycle. Therefore, this study developed a hardware emulator for supporting embedded
