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The financial position of the medical insurance system of Japanese government has been worsened recently, and thus the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has prompted the medical reforms to reconstruct the financial balance of the medical insurance system. As one of these efforts, a fixed payment system for medical services based on “DPC” (Diagnosis Procedure Combination) was introduced to a nu

It is well known that the xylem of gymnosperm trees consists mainly of tracheids and that the dimensions of these cells change over the growth season in temperate regions. When looking at a micrograph of a cross section of a growth ring, it can be seen that early in the season tracheids have larger radial diameters and thin walls, while tracheids formed later in the growth season have smaller radi

It is a trivial fact that water is needed for decay of wood by brown rot fungi, but when this is looked at in more detail, there are several fundamental questions concerning water and decay that are not solved. The purpose of this study is to study how the wood-water interaction is changed during degradation of brown-rot fungi of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.) grown at two different parts

Sparsely populated and with wide non-urbanised areas, Sweden faces specific challenges in providing publicly financed, high-quality and equal healthcare to all parts of the country. As a result, a decentralised organisation for acute coronary care has been developed with coronary care units and catheterisation laboratories in several small-And medium-sized city areas. In contrast, highly specialis

Background: Studies have found a positive effect of low/moderate alcohol consumption on wages. This has often been explained by referring to epidemiological research showing that alcohol has protective effects on certain diseases, i.e., the health link is normally justified using selected epidemiological information. Few papers have tested this link between alcohol and health explicitly, including

HRM is considered of vital strategic importance in professional service firms, but professionals generally resist these managerial initiatives. In this article, I report on an in-depth case study of a tax consultancy department in a major accounting firm by exploring the way professionals reconcile the logics of professionalism and HRM. Results indicate that the logics are reconciled in several wa

The purpose of this study is threefold; 1) to establish the current level of knowledge regarding cost-effectiveness of organ transplantation, 2) to identify knowledge gaps, and 3) to suggest a framework for future studies. A systematic literature review of economic evaluations of transplantations of solid organs was conducted in October 2010. Economic evaluations published since 2000 and reviews p

Surgical site infections (SSI) are a clinical and economic burden. Suture-associated SSI may develop when bacteria colonize the suture surface and form biofilms that are resistant to antibiotics. Thrombin-derived C-terminal peptide (TCP)-25 is a host defense peptide with a unique dual mode of action that can target both bacteria and the excessive inflammation induced by bacterial products. The pep

This paper argues that cost-effectiveness analysis in the healthcare sector introduces a discrimination risk that has thus far been underappreciated and outlines some approaches one can take toward this. It is argued that appropriate standards used in cost-effectiveness analysis in the healthcare sector fail to always fully determine an optimal option, which entails that cost-effectiveness analysi

Objectives: To examine the relationship between the English index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and the incidence of pre-eclampsia (PE), evaluate the distribution of IMD in a cohort of ethnically diverse pregnant women in South East England and assess whether IMD improves the prediction of PE compared with that provided by the ‘history-only’ competing-risks model (based on maternal characteristics

The COVID-19 pandemic had disastrous effects on health and economic activity worldwide, including in the Euro Area. The application of mandatory lockdowns contributed to a sharp fall in production and a rise in unemployment, inducing an expansionary fiscal and monetary response. Using a uniquely large macro database, this paper examines the effects of the pandemic and the ensuing economic policies