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Aims. Helium-like ions provide an important X-ray spectral diagnostics in astrophysical and high-temperature fusion plasmas. An interpretation of the observed spectra provides information on temperature, density, and chemical compositions of the plasma. Such an analysis requires information for a wide range of atomic parameters, including energy levels and transition rates. Our aim is to provide a
For more than 30 years since it was first proposed by Harrington et al., the Theory of Characteristic Mode (TCM) has only been applied to perfect electric conductors (PEC), and more recently lossless dielectric materials. One key challenge in computing the characteristic modes (CMs) of non-PEC materials using the PMCHWT surface integral equation is the presence of internal resonances in the soluti
We examine energy and CO2 intensities (energy use / GDP and CO2 emissions / GDP) in Sweden and Spain during the last two hundred years. The first aim is to establish reliable and comparable time-series. We include all energy that involves some human effort in its capture. Therefore, not only do we include modern energy carriers such as coal, oil, and electricity, but also we aim to account for fir
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this practical analysis of the law of contracts in Sweden covers every aspect of the subject – definition and classification of contracts, contractual liability, relation to the law of property, good faith, burden of proof, defects, penalty clauses, arbitration clauses, remedies in case of non-performance, damages, power o
Light is both the energy source and the dominant signalling input for photosynthetic organisms. Accordingly, up to 30–50% of the genes expressed in plant leaves are directly or indirectly regulated by light, and virtually all aspects of plant metabolism support photosynthesis, depend upon the products of photosynthesis or are affected by photosynthesis-related changes in metabolite levels. Though
BACKGROUND: In early breast cancer, variations in local treatment that substantially affect the risk of locoregional recurrence could also affect long-term breast cancer mortality. To examine this relationship, collaborative meta-analyses were undertaken, based on individual patient data, of the relevant randomised trials that began by 1995. METHODS: Information was available on 42,000 women in 78
A new, two-layer canopy module with thermal inertia as part of the detailed snow model SNOWPACK (version 3.2.1) is presented and evaluated. As a by-product of these new developments, an exhaustive description of the canopy module of the SNOWPACK model is provided, thereby filling a gap in the existing literature. In its current form, the two-layer canopy module is suited for evergreen needleleaf f
This paper provides a general framework for electromagnetic (EM) modeling, sensitivity analysis, computation, and measurements regarding the wave propagation characteristics of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) power cables. The modeling is motivated by the potential use with transient analysis, partial-discharge measurements, fault localization and monitoring, and is focused on very long (10 km
We have characterized the lipid chain freezing in dilute aqueous vesicle dispersions of the cationic lipid dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) using wide and small angle X-ray scattering, solid state NMR, DSC, turbidity and density measurements. The lipids freeze in two steps. Above 40 degrees C the chains are fluid and the lipids are in a so-called liquid-crystalline state. When cooling b
Integration of fluctuating renewables like wind and solar power is nowadays a hot topic, but this comes at a cost of decreased stability of the power system. The deterioration often translates into so-called spikes and drops in the electricity spot price, very large (even extreme) deviations from the regular spot price, followed by a reversion to roughly the original level a few days later. We use
Fortuna’s Guises: Fortune, Misfortune, and Risk in Early Modern Sweden. This dissertation explores learned conceptions of uncertainty and risk during the period stretching approximately between 1560 and 1720. Previous historical overviews of the ideas about risk hold that pre-industrial societies viewed all worldly happenings as emanations of God’s will or other forces lying beyond human control.
In this thesis, the main male characters in three of the plays written by Federico García Lorca are analysed with the aim of seeing the role they play in the frustration of desire. After two chapters dedicated to a review of published critical studies on Lorca and to certain theoretical considerations, Chapter Three examines desire drawing on Ubersfeld's actancial model and observes that these mal
To study and compare the safety of intersection, traffic scientists today typically manually monitor the intersection during several days and count how often certain events such as evasive manoeuvres occur. This is a laboursome and costly procedure. The aim of this thesis is to provide tools that can reduce the amount of manual labour required by using automated video analytics. Two methods for cr
Vectoring is a vital component of wideband wire- line communication systems. A disorderly leaving event (DLE) disturbs the vectoring operation since the precoder, which was designed for the channel before the change, is no longer up to date. Measurements indicate that the impact of a DLE can be serious for frequencies beyond 30 MHz, which corresponds to the band used by emerging wideband communica
In the developed countries the public expect society to be prepared for, and step in, if something out of the ordinary happens. This public pressure appears to have increased the demand for crisis preparedness planning. In crisis management the local authority serves as the first line of defence and will more or less always be involved in responding to crises. It is therefore important to study ho
An amorphous, colorless, and highly transparent polymer containing boron atoms in its branched chain architecture was synthesised from boron trioxide, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and methoxy end-capped PEG. Electrolytes based on this polymer and different concentrations of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) were prepared and characterised by impedance spectroscopy, calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The
To study the effect of different injection timings on the charge inhomogeneity, planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was applied to an operating engine. Quantitative images of the fuel distribution within the engine were obtained. Since the fuel used, iso-octane, does not fluoresce, a dopant was required. Three pentanone was found to have vapor pressure characteristics similar to those of iso-
Proton-Induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE) constitutes a method for trace element analysis characterized by multielemental capability, detection limits in the low ppm-range and size resolution down towards a micrometre. In applications where the sensitivity of the Electron-Induced X-ray Emission (EIXE) analysis is not sufficient and where a spatial resolution not better than a few micrometres i
Meteorological investigations were carried out in forests in the southwestern part of the Swabian Alb (SW Germany) to analyze the influences of exposition and silvicultural treatment on the microclimate within various stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The measurements were taken as part of an interdisciplinary project on the effects of climate and forest management on structures and processes
Seventy standardized ringing sessions were carried out from April 1997 to August 2000 in a reedbed in Ria de Aveiro at Salreu, Portugal. The variation in the abundance of the common species is described as well as some aspects of their weight dynamics. Both, number of birds and species were higher during summer and autumn, when passage migrants occur and the number of juveniles is high. The pre-br
