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Decisions taken in the boardroom are considered to be of crucial importance for corporate governance, not least due to their wide-ranging implications for both an organization and its stakeholders. To take effective decisions on the board, the availability of the right skills and knowledge is deemed essential. Such skills and knowledge largely derive from board members previous educational and fun
The forest fire that started in the vicinity of Sala in Västmanland 31 July 2014 ended up in being considered to be the biggest forest fire in Sweden for decades. Crisis management as we knew it got a punch on its nose so to speak. Municipalities, fire departments as well as governmental organizations got involved in something they never handled before and maybe for the first time they all had to
Rysk-amerikanska Emma Goldman och kinesiska He-Yin Zhen kom från två olika delar av världen och var aktiva inom olika kunskapstraditioner och kulturer. Ändå var de båda anarkister som kämpade för kvinnlig frigörelse, och båda var de kritiska till de samtida rörelserna som stred för kvinnors politiska rättigheter. Det finns få studier som jämför tidig amerikansk feminism med tidig kinesisk feminismRussian-American Emma Goldman and Chinese He-Yin Zhen came from different parts of the world, and thus weren’t active within the same knowledge systems and cultures. However, they were both anarchists fighting for the liberation of women, and both were strongly criticising the contemporary women’s suffrage movements. Few comparisons have been made between early Chinese feminism and early American
Cross-border investments made through investment funds are still surrounded by uncertainty, derived by the inexistence of harmonization of direct taxation in the European Union. The uncertainty surrounding the tax treatment, especially in cross-border situations, tend to trigger tax issued such as discrimination and restrictions to fundamental freedoms. More than 3000 funds have claimed a full ref
The purpose of this study was to find out why people choose to be physically inactive when only thirty minutes of exercise a day is sufficient to have a positive effect on one's health. In order to find out the reasons why people do not exercise, we conducted semistructured interviews with twenty people from Malmoe. The participants were between 23 and 63 years of age with the group consisting
Letter of credit law are governed by two overriding principles. The principle of autonomy of the credit and the doctrine of strict compliance. The principle of autonomy can be read out of articles 4, 5 and 14 (a) UCP 600 and stipulates that banks deal with documents and not with goods. A letter of credit is a separate transaction from the sales contract and the bank isn't bound to the contract
In a small and confined one dimensional geometry of nanowire, even few defects can influence the performance of the devices. Main objective of this thesis is to conduct photoluminescence study of such defect states in GaAs nanowires, which we will first introduce by diffusing copper impurity atoms, in very low concentrations. In low concentrations, ideally single atom in a wire, the photoluminesc
Fångar är förbisedda i folkrätten. Det finns inget bindande instrument med global tillämpning som reglerar hur de ska behandlas. Ansvaret lämnas till den nationella lagstiftaren, även om det finns ett par regionala instrument som reglerar fångars situation. Fångar förväntas ofta arbeta under sitt fängelsestraff, men arbetsvillkoren är försummade i den nationella arbetsrättsliga lagstiftningen. RikPrisoners are somewhat overlooked in international law. There is no binding global instrument regarding their treatment. Regulations are left to the national legislators, though there are a few regional instruments concerning prisoners. Prisoners are often required to work during their prison sentence, but the conditions of work are neglected in national law. The ILO, which is the UN agency respon
Enligt lag har ett barn har rätt till omvårdnad, trygghet och en god fostran. Barn ska behandlas med aktning för sin person och egenart och får inte utsättas för kroppslig bestraffning eller annan kränkande behandling. Det kan tyckas att dessa grundläggande tankarna om barnets rättigheter som stadgas i de inledande bestämmelserna i 6 kap. föräldrabalken (1949:381) är självklara, ändå far barn illaBy law, a child has the right to nursing, security and a good upbringing. Children should be treated with respect for their person and individuality and may not be subjected to physical punishment or other offensive treatment. It may seem that these basic thoughts on the rights of the child, as laid down in the introductory provisions of chapter 6 in the Parental Code (1949: 381), is self-evident,
Beslutet om en svensk inkorporering av FN:s barnkonvention röstades igenom av riksdagen i juni 2018. I denna avhandling har syftet varit att utreda tänkbara konsekvenser av en inkorporering av barnkonventionen i svensk rätt. För att avgränsa uppsatsen något har jag valt att inte koncentrera mig på enskilda artiklar, utan undersöker det större perspektivet och mer övergripande syftet med konventionThe decision on a Swedish incorporation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was voted through by the Swedish parliament in June of 2018. The purpose of this paper was to investigate possible consequences of incorporating the convention into Swedish law. In order to delimit the thesis somewhat, I have chosen not to concentrate on individual articles, but to examine the greater perspecti
In a phase of instability during the dynamical evolution of some multiple exoplanetary systems, exchange of angular momentum and/or energy through gravitational interactions between planets will lead to alterations of their orbital properties. In some cases, planetary orbits end up crossing, which leads to close encounters between two planets. In turn, they undergo a planet--planet scattering even
It has been postulated that six co-located orthogonally polarized electrical and magnetic dipoles can offer up to six degrees of freedom (DOFs) in a multipath scattering environment. In other words, a six-fold increase in channel capacity can be achieved in the context of MIMO systems. However, due to the complexity in designing and measuring such a six-port antenna, to our knowledge, no experimen
Background: Saccharification and fermentation of pretreated lignocellulosic materials, such as spruce, should be performed at high solids contents in order to reduce the cost of the produced bioethanol. However, this has been shown to result in reduced ethanol yields or a complete lack of ethanol production. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results when prehydrolysis is performed at a high
The standardization of work processes is a common feature of the public administration, aiming at both efficiency and equal treatment of citizens. Combining this standardization with employee motivation is considered a challenge. This challenge is explored, based on a survey to 261 social insurance officers (SIOs) at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. Results reveal that, contrary to expectation
Inclusive production of D* mesons in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA is studied in the range 5 < Q(2) < 100 GeV2 of the photon virtuality and 0.02 < y < 0.7 of the inelasticity of the scattering process. The observed phase space for the D* meson is (pT) (D*) > 1.25 GeV and |eta( D*)| < 1.8. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 348 pb(-1) collected with the H1 detector. S
The key role of tropical forest belowground carbon stocks and fluxes is well recognised as one of the main components of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. This study presents the first detailed investigation of spatial and temporal patterns of fine root stocks and fluxes in tropical forests along an elevational gradient, ranging from the Peruvian Andes (3020 m) to lowland Amazonia (194 m), w
Patients with Type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD) are infrequently treated to risk factor targets in current guidelines. We aimed to examine risk factor management and control levels in a large sample of patients with Type 2 diabetes with CHD. This was an observational study of 1612 patients with first incidence of CHD before 2002, and of 4570 patients with first incidence of CHD befo
The pedestrian safety problem is huge in all developing countries. The main aims of the project are therefore: 1/To understand pedestrian safety problem in a developing country, 2/To identify feasible traffic calming measures. International experiences were complemented by field studies at seven sites in the city of Jaipur. A wide range of field studies were made, out of which traffic conflict stu
