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In most non-fullerene organic solar cells comprising bulk-heterojunction active layers, the inter-domain connectivity of small-molecule acceptors is generally inferior to those of polymeric donors due to their intrinsic short-range ordering. This issue is even exacerbated by the physiochemical mismatch between acceptor-phases and metal-oxide electron transport layers in most inverted n-i-p devices
The purpose of this work is to establish the critical surface conditions leading to the initiation of stress-corrosion cracks on the assupplied surfaces of three unidirectional E-glass/polymer composites with modified polyester, epoxy and vinyl ester resins subjected to a nitric acid solution without mechanical loads. The composite materials considered in this study are commonly used in composite
In the first part of this thesis discrete time hedging is considered. In paper A an adaptive hedging scheme where the hedge portfolio is re-balanced when the hedge ratios differ by some amount, here denoted eta, is investigated. An expression of the normalized expected mean squared hedging error as eta tends to zero is derived. The result is compared to an earlier result on discrete time hedging o
Readouts that define the physiological distributions of drugs in tissues are an unmet challenge and at best imprecise, but are needed in order to understand both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties associated with efficacy. Here we demonstrate that it is feasible to follow the in vivo transport of unlabeled drugs within specific organ and tissue compartments on a platform that appli
High-energy proton- and deuteron-nucleus collisions provide an excellent tool for studying a wide array of physics effects, including modifications of parton distribution functions in nuclei, gluon saturation, and color neutralization and hadronization in a nuclear environment, among others. All of these effects are expected to have a significant dependence on the size of the nuclear target and th
Popular Abstract in English This dissertation attempts to answer the question of why the 2003 armed conflict against Iraq received such varied support within the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, France and Spain. This is achieved by introducing a model in which the support for armed conflict is connected to elite persuasion operating in particular contexts. This model is tested in a cThis dissertation attempts to answer the question of why the 2003 armed conflict against Iraq received such varied support within the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, France and Spain. This is achieved by introducing a model in which the support for armed conflict is connected to elite persuasion operating in particular contexts. This model is tested in a comparative study, using inte
Popular Abstract in Swedish Jag har i den här avhandlingen behandlat problemställningar inom tre olika områden inom astronomin. Det som sammanlänkar dessa är att alla innefattar dubbelstjärnor där avståndet mellan stjärnorna är litet, dvs de har en kort period. De är också alla datorsimuleringar. Jag har satt upp en modell för att betrakta de astronomiska systemen och genom numeriska metoder beräkThis thesis introduces and summarizes four papers dealing with computer simulations of astrophysical processes involving binaries. The first part gives the rational and theoretical background to these papers. In paper I and II a statistical approach to studying eclipsing binaries is described. By using population synthesis models for binaries the probabilities for eclipses are calculated for diff
Stylistic Fronting (SF) is a process that fronts various types of non-subjects to the preverbal position in subjectless clauses (“that gone have”, etc.). With the exception of Icelandic and to some extent Faroese, SF has disappeared from Scandinavian varieties. It is commonly assumed that even in Icelandic it is formal and old fashioned, indicating that it might be on its way out of this language
Popular Abstract in Swedish Hudfibros, inre organengagemang och autoantikroppar vid systemisk skleros: longitudinell utveckling och effekt på överlevnad. Systemisk skleros kallas ofta för sklerodermi. Sjukdomen tillhör de systemiska bindvävssjukdomarna och handläggs i Sverige oftast av reumatologer. Kardinalsymtomet vid sklerodermi är förhårdnad hud vilket gett sjukdomen den dess namn. Sklero betySystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease with a highly variable prognosis. Since new treatment strategies are emerging, there is a need for prognostic markers in order to help allocate patients to the optimal treatment. When comparison is made to the general population, there is an increased mortality rate in this study, both in the series as a whole and in the subgroups of men and
Purpose of this paper The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative case study of the procedures and guiding principles in the packaging selection practice of two international companies. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study with an inductive approach was conducted. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, documentation, and field visits. Findings Th
Diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndromes can be improved by adding information from the depolarization phase (QRS complex) to the conventionally used ST-T segment changes. In this study, ischemia-induced changes in the main three slopes of the QRS complex, upward (I-US) and downward (I-DS) slopes of the R wave as well as the upward (I-TS) slope of the terminal S
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has become widely adopted over the last 15 years and over 1000 peer reviewed publications are available describing its use. Despite this, there remains uncertainty regarding several aspects of usage. In order to respond to this gap a global expert panel was convened to develop evidence-based recommendations describing the use of NPWT. In this paper the result
The ongoing globalisation and the rise of the knowledge economy creates new challenges for regional economic development. In order to cope with these challenges, regions need to strengthen the capacity of existing industries to innovate, but also transform their innovation systems and facilitate the emergence of new industries and development paths. The ability to transform and renew themselves, h
Informal investors have proved to be highly valuable for the growth of the firms in which they have invested. Therefore, it is important to understand what motivates potential informal investors to make their initial investment as well as how already active investors develop their entrepreneurial careers. Such an understanding may prove helpful in directing efforts to locate and attract potential
We report the discovery of WTS-2 b, an unusually close-in 1.02-d hot Jupiter (M-P = 1.12M(J), R-P = 1.30R(J)) orbiting a K2V star, which has a possible gravitationally bound M-dwarf companion at 0.6 arcsec separation contributing similar to 20 per cent of the total flux in the observed J-band light curve. The planet is only 1.5 times the separation from its host star at which it would be destroyed
The prototypical antimicrobial peptide, melittin, is well-known for its ability to induce pores in zwitterionic model lipid membranes. However, the mechanism by which melittin accomplishes this is not fully understood. We have conducted all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations which suggest that melittin employs a highly cooperative mechanism for the induction of both small and l
The objective of this work is to establish under which conditions short RNA molecules (similar to miRNA) associate with zwitterionic phospholipids and how this differs from the association with cationic surfactants. We study how the base pairing (i.e., single stranded versus double stranded nucleic acids) and the length of the nucleic acid and the charge of the lipid/surfactant monolayer affect th
