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Popular Abstract in Swedish När ett barn föds före graviditetsvecka 30 är andningsinsufficiens eller på engelska kallad respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) ett av de stora kliniska problemen som barnläkaren står inför. Redan på 1920-talet förstod man att det måste finnas ett ytspänningsnedsättande ämne i lungorna och på 1950-talet fann man att för tidigt födda (prematura) barn med RDS hade brist pUsing an animal model, the thesis explores how the initial ventilation of the lungs, and surfactant therapy, should best be managed after premature birth. Material and measurements: The studies were made in newborn lambs delivered by cesarean section. Spread of exogenous surfactant was analysed by mixing it with technetium-labelled macroaggregated human serum albumin and imaging the radioactivity

Alla djur uppfattar världen med sina sinnen, vilka ger information till beslut och rörelser. Tyvärr har sinnena begränsningar och när de upphör att ge pålitlig information kommer djurets överlevnad att hotas. Synsinnet till exempel utmanas dagligen, eftersom dess signalstyrka minskar när mörkret faller och ökar igen när solen går upp. I denna avhandling undersökte jag synsystemets anpassningar hosAll animals perceive the world through their senses, which form the basis for their decisions and motor actions. However, when these all-important senses reach their limit and cease to provide reliable information, the animal’s survival is threatened. Among the senses, vision is brought to its limits on a daily basis, because its signal strength is diminished as night falls, and increases again as

Barley is a good source of dietary fibre, particularly β-glucan and arabinoxylan, to increase formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Butyric and propionic acid are involved in the preservation of colonic barrier function, thus decreasing the risk of inflammation. Previous studies have shown that malting barley increased formation of butyric acid in caecum of rats and had abundance of butyra

Endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps reduce morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC).Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a highly efficient and established method for treating advanced colorectal lesions in Asia, but experience of ESD in Western countries is limited. Large non-pedunculated colorectal lesions are prone to malignant transformation and it is therefore important

Popular Abstract in Swedish Intresset för förnybara bränslen har ökat stadigt under de senaste åren. Att byta ut fossila mot förnybara bränslen kan minska utsläppen av växthusgaser till atmosfären och därmed minska klimatpåverkan av dessa men även minska vårt beroende av olja. Biobränslen som t.ex. etanol, biodiesel eller biogas, räknas till förnybara bränslen eftersom de inte bidrar till en ackumReplacing fossil fuels by biofuels such as ethanol is considered a promising alternative to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate climate change. Biofuels produced from lignocellulosic biomass, so-called second generation biofuels, result in decreased GHG emissions and limit competition with food and animal feed production. Interest in producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass ha

Popular Abstract in Swedish Närmare 30.000 svenskar drabbas årligen av stroke (slaganfall). I ungefär 85 % av fallen är orsaken en blodpropp i ett av hjärnans kärl s.k. hjärninfarkt. En avstängning av blodflödet orsakar en snabbt insättande förlust av funktionen i det drabbade området, t.ex. halvsidig förlamning, bortfall av delar av synfältet liksom störning av olika högre hjärnfunktioner såsom mAbstract Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the western world, and the number one cause of disability. 85% of all strokes are ischemic. Most stroke survivors will experience recovery of function. The mechanisms behind this improvement are partly unknown, but may involve elements of both compensation and restoration. Exposure to an enriched environment (EE) that stimulates social interac

Given the rapidly increasing number of women above 50 it is of pivotal importance to consider health issues related to gonadal hormone deficiency. The possibility of alleviating such symptoms by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should be recognized by all physicians, not merely by gynaecologists. But which women should be given what therapy, and for how long? Due to the increased risk of endometr

In the first essay of this thesis we develop a model for calculating the net expected value of a swap agreement subject to dual-default risk. The main explanatory variable for the net expected return of a swap is the default intensity of each party measured by the credit rating of the firm. We derive the net expected return of the swap as a function of the credit rating of the firm receiving the f

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avloppsvatten renas från fosfor för att minimera utsläppet till sjöar och hav. Näringsämnena fosfor och kväve bidrar till övergödningen i våra vatten och kan reduceras kraftigt på avloppsreningsverken. Fosforavskiljning går huvudsakligen ut på att få löst fosfat att hamna i en fast fas ? slammet, för att sedan kunna avskilja det från det renade vattnet. Bakterier som vThe idea of phosphorus removal at wastewater treatment plants is to transfer dissolved phosphorus into a solid phase. Together with the rest of the produced sludge it is then removed from the water, resulting in a decreased concentration of phosphorus in the effluent and the prevention of the eutrophication in the recipient. Phosphorus can either be stored biologically, with enhanced biological p

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the potential of applying a community-based intervention, implemented in the Swedish city of Trelleborg 1999-2002, to reduce adolescent alcohol use. In order to do so, we had four specific aims. First, we studied the processes, both in terms of action and institu-tionalization, within the intervention. This would improve our understanding of the quantitativ

Innovation issues are increasingly highlighted in public policy, including competition policy. Not only is innovation a major factor behind economic growth in society, it is also increasingly shaping market conditions and affecting market participants’ behaviour. It therefore in various ways influences the legal analysis of markets and market practices. This dissertation examines the legal standa

Background and Policy Context: Previous chapters in this book have explored several product-oriented policies, including mandatory laws and product energy labelling, and discussed the importance of an appropriate policy mix. In this chapter, we examine the effects of demand-side policies, with a focus on green public procurement (GPP). GPP has been defined as ‘a process whereby public authorities

This thesis presents the results of an investigation into BIM implementation prerequisites emerging as a set of procedural supporting mechanisms that may enable design, construction and operating (DCO) organisations to advance their deployment of Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology, and improve construction project outcomes. Today, BIM is centre-stage within the construction sector the

Utvecklingen som skett i Sverige de senaste decennierna, där vi har gått från industrisamhälle till kunskapssamhälle, från hierarki till platta organisationer och från maskin till hjärna har medfört ett ökat behov av skydd för arbetsgivare. Större ansvar, närmre relation med kunder samt indirekt kontroll från ledning och styrelse har vidgat arbetstagares utrymme i arbetslivet till att bl a fatta vSweden’s business-market has change a lot during the recent decades, where the society have gone from being industrialbased to knowledgebased, where organizations has gone from hierarchy to “flat” and now we use brains instead of machines. This has led to an increasing need of protection for employers. Greater responsibility, closer customer relationships and indirect control from management has e

Popular Abstract in Swedish Med ett stokastiskt fält (random field) kan man matematiskt modellera en yta vars struktur och variationer i större eller mindre utsträckning kan beskrivas som slumpmässiga. Ett typexempel är havsytan. Det finns vissa ''regler'' för hur den kan se ut, men det exakta utseendet hos en viss våg uppfattas som slumpmässigt. Reglerna omfattar bland annat medelnivån, huIn this thesis the focus is on crossing points in random fields and the probability distributions of various crossing variables in different applications. The crossing points are generalisations to random fields of points of level crossings by stochastic processes. Only crossing events that occur at distinct points in the parameter space are considered, for example stationary points (zero-crossing

Problem definition Even though a great deal of research have been done exploring the ERP field, companies still have a hard time determining and obtaining the full potential scope of benefits that comes with a fully working ERP system. Implementing an ERP system is like changing a heart while the patient still is running. It is therefore hard to measure the benefits and the improved efficiencies,

Swedish law is very keen on the fact that every person should be treated equal when facing the legal system. When it comes to cases concerning children, social workers and judges are expected to strictly obey the rules of the law but at the same time make individual judgements based on the best interest of the child, something that requires a great deal of empathy and knowledge. Is it possible to

As continuous access to energy is necessary for survival, the level of energy stores has a strong effect on fitness and survival. Behaviors by which energy stores are acquired and built up are known as foraging, and this is a very common topic in animal behavior studies. It is especially important for flying organisms to finely tune the level of energy reserves they carry. While most animals will