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Background: Early prediction of childhood type 1 diabetes reduces ketoacidosis at diagnosis and provides opportunities for disease prevention. However, only highly efficient approaches are likely to succeed in public health settings. We sought to identify efficient strategies for initial islet autoantibody screening in children younger than 15 years. Methods: We harmonised data from five prospecti
Aims: Newly-defined subgroups of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported from real-world cohorts but not in detail from randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Methods: T2DM participants, uncontrolled on different pre-study therapies (n = 12.738; 82 % Caucasian; 44 % with diabetes duration > 10 years) from 14 RCTs, were assigned to new subgroups according to age at onset of diabetes, HbA1c,
In small systems with large fluctuations, the classical description of thermodynamics is no longer sufficient which has led to the development of stochastic thermodynamics. One important result from stochastic thermodynamics is that with measurement and feedback it is possible to use those fluctuations to extract work from a single heat bath coupled to the system. This is thanks to the connection
Currently, little is known about the spatial distribution of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in the brain of patients with Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous lesion markers, such as number and volume, ignore the strategic location of WMH. The goal of this work was to develop a fully-automated method to identify predominant patterns of WMH across WM tracts based on cluster analysis. A
In the early morning, large groups of up to hundreds or even thousands of roosting birds, sometimes comprising the entire roost population, often take off together in sudden mass departures. These departures commonly occur in low-light conditions and structurally complex habitats where access to visual cues is likely to be restricted. Roosting birds are often highly vocal, leading us to hypothesis
Maritime archaeological investigations of the wreck of the medieval warship Gribshunden (1495), flagship of King Hans of Denmark and Norway, have revealed diverse artifacts including exotic spices imported from far distant origins: saffron, ginger, clove, peppercorns, and almond. The special circumstances of the vessel's last voyage add unique context to the assemblage. Gribshunden and an accompan
A method is presented for the determination of complex-valued compression and shear elastic moduli of polymers for ultrasound applications. The resulting values, which are scarcely reported in the literature, are found with uncertainties typically around 1% (real part) and 6% (imaginary part). The method involves a setup consisting of a cm-radius, mm-thick polymer ring glued concentrically to a di
Insulin resistance causes compensatory insulin production, which in humans can eventually progress to β-cell failure and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This disease progression involves multi-scale processes, ranging from intracellular signaling to organ and whole-body level regulations, on timescales from minutes to years. T2D progression is commonly studied using overfed and genetically modified rodents
Soil biodiversity monitoring requires standardized and practical sample storage methods, particularly for large-scale surveys. Yet, the influence of the soil storage conditions on eDNA-based assessments of microbial and faunal communities remains a key concern. Here, we assessed whether air-drying of soils at room temperature alters microbial (prokaryotes, fungi, micro-eukaryotes) and faunal (nema
Understanding variation in survival and reproduction is key for conservation and management of bird populations. By compiling and analysing data on hatching success (i.e. proportion of nests with at least one hatched egg) from Common Eider Somateria m. mollissima, Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca and Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator, all breeding on a single island in the Baltic Sea, we demonst
In medieval Scandinavia, parchment was a crucial writing material for everything from property deeds and judicial matters to religious works and account keeping. As society became more and more invested in literacy, the demand for parchment grew. However, the supply of animals for parchment could not increase to the same extent without great changes in animal husbandry. This thesis explores how me
The study analyzed changes in phenolic compounds and the total polyphenol content during peanut sauce cooking, comparing samples prepared with peanuts with and without kernel coating. The peanut sauce formulation consisted of 3.3% w/v peanut powder mixed with water, which was boiled for 2 h at around 100°C. Methanol extracts were used to assess the polyphenol content. Identification and quantifica
Background: Core outcome sets (COSs) are important and necessary as they help standardize reporting in research studies. Cranioplasty following traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke is becoming increasingly common, leading to an ever-growing clinical and research interest, especially regarding the optimal material, cost-effectiveness, and timing of cranioplasty concerning neurological recovery an
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive and toxic compound produced in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. The glyoxalase system is the main detoxifying route for MG and consists of two enzymes, glyoxalase I (GlxI) and glyoxalase II (GlxII). GlxI catalyzes the formation of S-d-lactoylglutathione from hemithioacetal, and GlxII converts this intermediate to d-lactate. A relationship between the
Objectives: We aimed to map the correlation between thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and Gafchromic film for measuring absorbed doses and to compare minimum, maximum, and mean absorbed doses over larger regions of interest and at various craniofacial organs and tissues during cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exposure of the mandibular third molar region. Study Design: We positioned TLDs at
Thousands of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutants have been isolated over the last century, and many are stored in gene banks across various countries. In the present work, we developed a pipeline to efficiently identify causal mutations in barley. The pipeline is also efficient for mutations located in centromeric regions. Through bulked segregant analyses using whole genome sequencing of pooled F
In this paper, we explore the seeming stability of aging. More precisely, we offer an empirical account of how aging – images of aging, embodiments of aging, feelings about aging – is enacted in company practice, both in place and across time. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted at SMCare, a small-to-medium sized company active in the care technology sector, we show how aging achieves its
Objective Real-life management of patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centres (ESH-ECs) is unclear : we aimed to investigate it. Methods A survey was conducted in 2023. The questionnaire contained 64 questions asking ESH-ECs representatives to estimate how patients with CKD are managed. Results Overall, 88 ESH-ECS representa
