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Background: Access to emergency and essential surgical care is still unmet and accessibility is disproportionately inequitable in Ethiopia and other low-and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess surgical care access in terms of capability, capacity, and timeliness of care in different levels of health care in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study with retrospective data
Recent advancements in catchment hydrology (such as understanding hydrological processes, accessing new data sources, and refining methods for parameter constraints) make it possible to apply catchment models for ungauged basins over large domains. Here we present a cutting-edge case study applying catchment-modelling techniques at the global scale for the first time. The modelling procedure was c
Air pollution is responsible for one in eight premature deaths worldwide, and thereby a major threat to human health. Health impact assessments of hypothetic changes in air pollution concentrations can be used as a mean of assessing the health impacts of policy, plans and projects, and support decision-makers in choices to prevent disease. The aim of this study was to estimate health impacts attri
Vocabulary for subsistence and technology may vary a great deal in their degree of borrowability, depending on time, place, inherent subsistence and technology, and the situation of the borrowing. In cross-linguistic typological studies of borrowability, these words tend to group somewhere from middle to high in borrowability, depending on lexical concept (Haspelmath & Tadmor, 2009).We have co
BACKGROUND: Both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis (TB) primarily affect the lungs and are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD and TB have common risk factors such as smoking, low socioeconomic status and dysregulation of host defence functions. COPD is a prevalent co-morbid condition, especially in elderly with TB but in contrast to other diseases k
Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur och varför lagstiftningen kring påföljden livstidsstraff vid mord har förändrats under de senaste 15 åren, 1999-2014, i Sverige samt de bakomliggande tankegångarna. Uppsatsen presenteras ur ett rättshistoriskt perspektiv. För att kunna ge en bättre bakgrund har en kort historisk bakgrund presenterats som sedan övergår i uppsatsens avhandling gällande de senaThe purpose of this essay is to investigate how and why the legislation concerning the sentence of life imprisonment for murder has changed in Sweden over the past 15 years, 1999-2014, and the thought process behind the changes. The investigation will be presented from a legal historical perspective. In order to explain the development a short historical background has presented the thoughts behi
In 1994 the Swedish Construction Code, BKR, was changed from being based on material to being based on function. This permitted constructing multi-storey buildings with a bearing framework made of wood, which had been prohibited since the end of the 19th century. There is now a growing in- terest of using wood as a construction material. In Växjö four seven-storey buildings, Limnologen, are under
Mellan cirka 30-50 procent av den mat som produceras i världen årligen kommer aldrig människan tillgodo som föda. Att mat slängs eller på annat sätt går förlorad i livsmedelskedjan är ett stort problem, framför allt för att många människor i världen inte har tillgång till mat men också för att produktionen av livsmedel medför en betydande miljöpåverkan. Vad gäller statistiken över matsvinnet är de
Narkotika har sedan 1960-talet utgjort ett allvarligt samhällsproblem i Sverige. En skyndsam utbredning har varit en bidragande faktor till stor del av den grova brottsligheten i landet. På 1970-talet infördes målet om ett narkotikafritt samhälle i Norden, vilket sedan dess varit ledande för Sverige. Utmärkande för Sveriges narkotikapolitik är ett strängt och restriktivt förhållningssätt. Ett narkDrugs were noted as a serious public issue in Sweden during the 1960s with its accelerated expansion and conduciveness to heavy criminality. During the 1970s, the drug policy towards a drug free society was introduced in the Nordic region, and is still today advocated in Sweden. The drug policy in Sweden is known for the severe and restrictive approach. The drug policy has characterized the Swedis
Från och med den 1 januari 2020 skärptes straffskalan för sexköp av barn. Syftet med åtgärden var att förstärka det straffrättsliga skyddet för ungdomar mot att dras in i prostitution. Brottet är förknippat med låg åtalsfrekvens. Det har tidigare förklarats med att aktsamhetskravet i förhållande till ålder i 6 kap. 13 § BrB - som täcker flera sexualbrott med åldersgräns - var särskilt svårt att upIn January 2020 the range of punishment for exploitation of a child through the purchase of a sexual act got stricter. The reasoning behind the change was to strengthen the criminal justice protection for these children. Exploitation of a child through the purchase of a sexual act is associated with a low prosecution frequency. An explanation for this has been that the rule of negligence in the si
Var och en som anklagas för brott ska enligt Europakonventionen tillförsäkras rätten till en rättvis rättegång samt rätten att betraktas som oskyldig fram till dess att motsatsen bevisats. Genom denna oskyldighetspresumtion ska den tilltalade i en brottmålsrättegång inte behöva bevisa sig fri och har därför även rätten att vara tyst. Som en konsekvens av oskyldighetspresumtionen är det därför åklaAccording to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, everyone accused of a crime must be guaranteed the right to a fair trial and the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty. Due to the presumption of innocence, the accused in a criminal trial should not have to prove his or her innocence and therefore also has the right to remain silent. As a
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of coworking space as it relates to meeting the common goals of collaboration, community, and creativity for its members. Through a case study of a coworking space, the study seeks answers to questions as: “How can coworking spaces enhance community, collaboration, and creativity to create a better experience for their members?” and “Are
The only validated method to characterize the phenotype and to reach a definitive diagnosis of Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility (MHS; OMIM *145600), a pharmacogenetic disease linked to the Ryanodine 1 receptor gene (RYR1; OMIM *180901), is an invasive muscle contraction test requiring a muscle biopsy, according to the European (IVCT) protocol or to the North American (CHCT) protocol. The seri
Environmental problems are a discussed subject in the world. The reason for this is that natural disasters are becoming more and more visible. EU is working to reduce the Union's contribution to the greenhouse effect. The goal is to reduce greenhouse gases with 20% by 2020 and 20% of the energy used should come from renewable energy sources. The EU’s Energy Performance of Building Directive (E
INTRODUCTION In the last years a lot of researches about source separation have been realized, like extraction of a signal of interest (vocal recognition application), identification of which source gives which sound (motor engine applications) or noise source characterization (environmental application). Most of these techniques for sound source estimation use the signal-subspace approach, where
Increasing demand for metals might lead to extraction of metals from materials, previously, thought of as waste. A letter by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Geological Survey of Sweden from 2017 encouraged new and innovative waste treatments as well as recycling of waste produced in association with mining. The conventional treatment of acid mine wastewater creates large volumes of
Studying gene-lifestyle interaction may help to identify lifestyle factors that modify genetic susceptibility and uncover genetic loci exerting important subgroup effects. Adequately powered studies with prospective, unbiased, standardised assessment of key behavioural factors for gene-lifestyle studies are lacking. This case-cohort study aims to investigate how genetic and potentially modifiable
I takt med utbyggnaden av vindkraft har artskydd av fåglar blivit en ofta förekommande fråga i tillståndsprövningarna. I dessa förefaller 4 § artskyddsförordningen medföra tolknings- och tillämpningsproblem. Enligt dess ordalydelse ska bestämmelsen nämligen tillämpas på alla vilda fåglar, oavsett art, samt på vissa djurarter. Bestämmelsen föreskriver bland annat förbud mot att avsiktligt döda och In line with the expansion of wind power projects species protection of birds has become a frequent issue in permit procedures. In this context section 4 of the Species Protection Ordinance (2007:845) appears to result in difficulties when interpreted and applied. According to the provision, it should apply to all wild birds, regardless species, and some animal species. The provision stipulates, i
Sedan tillkomsten av den nuvarande rättegångsbalken på 1940-talet har utgångspunkten i svensk rätt varit att bevisprövningen ska vara fri och inte styrd av legala normer. Detta hindrade emellertid inte lagstiftaren från att i förarbetena ställa upp krav på att bevisprövningen skulle vara objektiv och analytisk. Som en följd därav utvecklades ett antal bevisprövningsmetoder i den juridiska doktrineSince the creation of the present Code of Judicial Procedure in the 1940s the basis in Swedish law has been a free sifting of evidence, which is not governed by legal norms. This, however, did not prevent the legislator from demanding in the preparatory works that the sifting of evidence should be objective and analytical. As a consequence thereof, a number of methods for sifting the evidence deve
