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EU countries have committed to taking national measures to reduce the average energy use of residential buildings by 16% by 2030 and 20–22% by 2035. Each country has decided how to achieve this and which buildings to focus on. However, certain categories of residential buildings, including historical buildings but also second homes, may be exempt from these obligations. In Sweden, second homes con
Lagstiftaren har gjort bedömningen att barn i åldrarna 15-17 år bör skyddas från vissa sexuella handlingar och därför har man kriminaliserat köp av sexuell handling av barn. För att ansvar ska kunna utkrävas måste gärningspersonen ha uppsåt ifråga om alla omständigheter utom barnets ålder, där måste denne endast agerat oaktsamt. Enligt 6:13 BrB kan en person dömas för köp av sexuell handling av ba
Brotten vållande till kroppsskada eller sjukdom, förtal, förolämpning och egenmäktighet med barn är alla brott mot person för vilka de brottsutredande myndigheterna enbart får fatta lagföringsbeslut om åtal kan anses påkallat ur allmän synpunkt. Begränsningen, som i vissa fall enbart aktualiseras om målsäganden angivit brottet till åtal, innebär att myndigheterna inte får hantera alla fall även omThe offences causing bodily injury or illness, defamation, insulting behaviour and arbitrary conduct concerning a child are offences against the person to which the investigating authorities can take conviction decisions only if prosecution is called for in the public interest. The limitation, which in some cases is applicable only if the plaintiff has reported an offence for prosecution, means th
Tredjepartsbesiktning innebär att blivande eller befintliga affärspartners undersöks i syfte att säkerställa att verksamhetsutövarens verksamhetsled utgör en låg risk för korruption, vilket i vissa länder krävs genom lag. Faktorer som i regel anses som varningsflaggor i riskbedömningen inför en affärstransaktion är till exempel om en affärspartner har dömts för något brott av korruptiv karaktär elThird party due diligence is an investigation of prospective or existing business partners in order to ensure a low risk of corruption. In certain countries such an investigation is required by law. Factors to consider in the risk assessment are for example whether a potential or existing business partner has been convicted of any corruption related crime or is associated with political circles. S
Våld i nära relationer är ett allvarligt och alarmerande samhällsproblem. I skuggan av våldet lever hundratusentals barn som tvingas bevittna våldet på nära håll. Uppsatsen syftar till att redogöra för samt analysera det straffrättsliga skydd för barn som bevittnar våld genom användning av en rättsanalytisk metod. Materialet som använts för uppsatsens framställning grundas på de allmänna rättskällDomestic violence is a serious and alarming social problem. Hundreds of thousands of children live in the shadow of domestic violence, forced to witness the brutality up close. The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the criminal justice protection available to these children by using a forensic method. The material used for this essay is based on the general sources of law together with
Uppsatsen behandlar de rättsliga regleringar som utgör gällande rätt vid häktning av unga mellan 15-17 år. Syftet för uppsatsen är att utreda om denna reglering är rättssäkert utifrån principen om förutsägbarhet. För att göra detta redovisas regleringen om frihetsberövande generellt, för att vidare begränsas till frihetsberövande genom häktning och sedermera behandla regleringen gällande unga mellThe thesis deals with the legal regulations that constitute the current law on the detention of young people aged 15-17. The purpose for the essay is to investigate whether this regulation is legally secure based on the principle of predictability. In order to do this, the regulation on deprivation of liberty is described in general, then limited to deprivation of liberty by means of detention and
Syftet med förevarande uppsats är att belysa umgängessabotage och dess eventuella konsekvenser. Närmare bestämt avses att undersöka hur ett eventuellt umgängessabotage påverkar tingsrätten i sin bedömning när den har att ta ställning till vad som innebär barnets bästa (se föräldrabalken 6 kap. 2 a §). Umgängesrätten har utvecklats från att vara en rättighet avsedd för den förälder som utan grund hThe purpose of this essay is to highlight the consequences of the situation where one parent without acceptable cause refuses the other parent’s right of access with their child, hereinafter called ‘access sabotage’. The purpose is more specifically to investigate how the situation of access sabotage is affecting the district court in its assessment when it has to consider what outcome will be in
Studien ämnade att undersöka hur väl personlighet respektive könsidentifiering, var för sig respektive tillsammans, kan predicera ideologisk orientering. För att undersöka detta användes personlighetstestet HEXACO och könsidentifieringstestet BSRI. Syftet med uppsatsen var att öka väljarförståelsen. Studien utgick ifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval (N=272), med 171 kvinnor och 101 män. Samtliga var svenThis aim of this thesis was to examine how well personality and gender-identification, by themselves and combined, were able to predict ideological orientation. This through the personality test HEXACO and gender-identification test BSRI. The purpose of the study was to help improve the understanding of Swedish voters. The sample was a convenience sample (N=272), with 171 women and 101 men, all Sw
Interneurons have been found to be important for normal cognitive function. Impairments to their growth or signaling have been indicated to be involved in the development of schizophrenia, autism and epilepsy. Defective functioning in GABA:ergic interneurons has been linked to undesired desynchronous firing in neural signals as a consequence of these interneurons firing too infrequently or not at
Inland port expansion requires immense investment costs often resulting in dredging and creating a new physical space for production and especially when handling Ultra Large Container Vessels (ULCVs). A floating container terminal (FCT) is an innovation that sets out to change the landscape within what is required to handle ULCV’s. The structure can be placed out at sea where no dredging is requir
In 1988 Hills proposed that stars can gain velocities above 500 km s−1 if they are in a stellar binary which gets disrupted by a super massive black hole (SMBH). One of the stars would get trapped in an elliptical orbit around the SMBH while the other gets ejected and obtains a relatively high velocity. Normally stars within galaxies have low peculiar velocities but stars ejected with velocities o
Calvin, an Ericsson application framework for Internet of Things (IoT), simplifies the development and deployment of applications for IoT systems where many heterogeneous devices are deployed and connected through the Internet. The application engineer just needs to design and codify the application applying Calvin syntax. The Calvin environment is formed by runtimes and applications. The runtime
In modern day society the increase of data generation and transfer has been an issue that researchers are working on. This generated and shared data might have a different purpose but one thing is certain, the reception. This communication can cover continents, countries, cities or even just a few meters. For the purpose of the later, personal area networks (PAN) have been created with a main focu
Målbolagsstyrelsen har en viktig ställning vid offentliga uppköpserbjudanden, och åläggs enligt den aktiemarknadsrättsliga regleringen vissa förpliktelser som syftar till att skydda målbolagets aktieägares intressen. Till dessa förpliktelser hör att ta ställning till budgivarens förfrågan om att genomföra en due diligence-undersökning av målbolaget samt att besluta om omfattningen av en sådan undeThe board of a target company has an important role in a takeover situation. Due to the takeover regulations, when a takeover bid is made on the company, the target board undertakes certain obligations aimed at protecting the target company’s shareholders. These obligations include taking a position on the offeror’s request to do their due diligence regarding the target company, and to decide on t
In China, the past 30 years have been characterized by economic growth and rapid development that has transformed the nation into an important player on the international market. This phenomenal progress probably would have been impossible without the cheap labor force provided by the Chinese countryside in the form of migrant workers. Millions of rural people circulate the nation today in order t
Barnfridsbrottet infördes i svensk rätt år 2021, med ett starkt rättspolitiskt motiverat perspektiv – att skydda och stärka ställningen för barn som tvingades bevittna våld mellan närståendepersoner. Innan bestämmelsen trädde i kraft i svensk lagstiftning fanns det inte något annat skydd. Av den anledningen redogörs detta kort för genom uppsatsen, för att ge läsaren en förståelse om hur bestämmelsThe child protection offense was introduced into Swedish law in 2021, with a strong legal policy perspective - to protect and strengthen the position of children who were forced to witness violence between close persons. Prior to the entry into force of the provision in Swedish law, there was no other protection. For this reason, this is briefly described throughout the paper, to give the reader a
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses that have evolved over millions of years and are well-adapted to humans. Persistent infections with HPVs, can result in cancer development. There are over 200 different HPV types that can be divided into high- and low risk types based on their ability to cause cancer. HPV16 is the most common high- risk type that accounts for more than 50 % of al
To be able to meet the global energy demands, a steady supply of green energy is required, even during sun- or windless hours. Concentrated solar power is a useful alternative, which can produce and store green energy by heating a heat transfer fluid (HTF) and extracting its energy via a heat exchanger. One such category of HTF is molten salts, and to understand and be able to model the behaviour
The gig economy has expanded rapidly across the globe, and has become an increasingly influential feature of modern labour markets. The flexibility and autonomy offered by gig work coupled with the ability to earn a steady income are recognised benefits by many workers on digital platforms. These benefits can work synergistically with entrepreneurship, which is often characterised by uncertain tim
Grov kvinnofridskränkning infördes i svensk rätt 1998 för att möta ett rättsskyddsbehov som tidigare straffbestämmelser inte förmådde tillgodose. Syftet var att straffrättsligt synliggöra den systematiska karaktären av våld och kränkningar som många kvinnor utsätts för i nära relationer. Genom att kriminalisera ett mönster av gärningar, snarare än enstaka händelser, har lagstiftaren försökt fånga Gross violation of a woman’s integrity was introduced into Swedish law in 1998 to address a legal protection gap that previous criminal provisions failed to cover. The aim was to legally acknowledge the systematic nature of abuse and repeated violations that many women are subjected to in close relationships. By criminalising a pattern of acts rather than isolated events, the legislator intended t
