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The hallmark of sex chromosome evolution is the progressive suppression of recombination which leads to subsequent degeneration of the non-recombining chromosome. In birds, species belonging to the two major clades, Palaeognathae (including tinamous and flightless ratites) and Neognathae (all remaining birds), show distinctive patterns of sex chromosome degeneration. Birds are female heterogametic

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus decomposes proteins using a two-step mechanism, including oxidation and proteolysis. Oxidation involves the action of extracellular hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated by the Fenton reaction. This reaction requires the presence of iron(II). Here, we monitored the speciation of extracellular iron and the secretion of iron(III)-reducing metabolites during

The sustainable development of cities is threatened by a worldwide water crisis. Improved social learning is urgently needed to transform urban water governance and make it more integrated and adaptive. However, empirical studies remain few and fragmented. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse how social learning has supported or inhibited sustainable transformations in urban water govern

Background: Atopic eczema (also known as eczema) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that often afflicts patients’ health and well-being. The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative recommends that ‘long-term control of eczema’ is measured in all clinical trials 3 months or longer in duration. However, little has been published on what eczema control means to those living w

Purpose: Vocabulary relates to overall language proficiency and is important for academic success. Word definition (WD) tasks can be used to assess vocabulary depth and definition skills. We investigate monolingual and bilingual children's performances on a WD task, and how bilingualism, level of parental education, school characteristics (proportion of students with Swedish as second language and

As part of an independent assessment of the preoperational radiation environment around the Ostrovets nuclear power plant in Belarus, grass and foodstuffs were collected in 2019 for 14C analysis. The preoperational 14C specific activities in the Ostrovets region were shown to be similar to that of European data from other uncontaminated sites.

Severe COVID-19 is characterised by immunopathology and epithelial injury. Proteomic studies have identified circulating proteins that are biomarkers of severe COVID-19, but cannot distinguish correlation from causation. To address this, we performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) to identify proteins that mediate severe COVID-19. Using protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data from the SCALLOP co

Aim: The Cockcroft-Gault (CG) creatinine-based equation is still used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for drug dosage adjustment. Incorrect eGFR may lead to hazardous over- or underdosing. Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis, CG was validated against measured GFR (mGFR) in 14 804 participants and compared with the Modification-of-Diet-in-Renal-Diseases (MDRD), Chronic-Kidney-Disea

The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on society has been suspected to affect gambling behaviors. Potentially, the pandemic crisis may result in increased problem gambling, for example, due to COVID-19-related psychological distress, unemployment, and financial difficulties. In ad-dition, the cancellation of sports in early parts of the crisis has been suspected to alter gambling behaviors. Policy

Background: The aim is to identify trajectories of precarious employment (PE) over time in Sweden to examine associations of these with the subsequent risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Methods: This is a nation-wide register-based cohort study of 1,583,957 individuals aged 40 to 61 years old residing in Sweden between 2003-2007. Trajectories of PE as a multidimensional construct and s

ObjectivesProstate volume (PV) in combination with prostate specific antigen (PSA) yields PSA density which is an increasingly important biomarker. Calculating PV from MRI is a time-consuming, radiologist-dependent task. The aim of this study was to assess whether a deep learning algorithm can replace PI-RADS 2.1 based ellipsoid formula (EF) for calculating PV.MethodsEight different measures of PV

While organic matter (OM) interactions in the water column prevent iron (Fe) precipitation and sedimentation, Fe also acts as a precursor of aggregation and a vector of OM to sediments. This study aims to characterize Fe–OM interactions to understand the role of Fe in promoting aggregation and transport of OM. Samples of Fe and OM were collected from water, settling material, and sediment along a

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder marked by recurrent seizures, significantly impacting individuals worldwide. Current treatments are often ineffective for a third of patients and can cause severe side effects, necessitating new therapeutic approaches. Glial cells, particularly astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, are emerging as crucial targets in epilepsy management. Astrocytes

Efficient and clean production of electrical and mechanical energy for use in industry, transportation and propulsion is currently a concern. The transition from fossil fuels to biofuels involves challenges related to the fuel composition and combustion, as well as methods to increase engine fuel flexibility. One potentially useful tool under development is Plasma Assisted Combustion (PAC), where

Denna rapport analyserar framväxten av hundvänlig turism i Sverige och belyser dess betydelse för besöksnäringens utveckling. Studien visar att hunden i allt högre grad betraktas som en familjemedlem, vilket påverkar resenärers beteenden, val av destination och konsumtionsmönster. Hundägare utgör en reseaktiv och kommersiellt attraktiv målgrupp som främst reser inom Sverige och efterfrågar naturbaThis report analyses the emergence of dog-friendly tourism in Sweden and highlights its significance for the hospitality industry's development. The study shows that dogs are increasingly regarded as family members, influencing travellers’ behaviour, destination choices, and consumption patterns. Dog owners represent a travel-active and commercially attractive target group that primarily travels d

Remanufacturing is a key strategy in the circular economy, enabling substantial product value retention. However, inconsistent definitions across standards and legislation hinder global trade, core recovery and market acceptance. This study examines how remanufacturing is defined in laws and standards, and how these definitions impact industry practices. Through a literature review of key existing

Förhållandet mellan handel och miljö är kontroversiellt inom The World Trade Organization (WTO) och arbetet på området präglas av motsättningar. WTO-kritiker har pekat på ett antal tvister inom WTO där WTO:s tvistlösningsorgan beslutat till nackdel för det land som har infört handelshindrande åtgärder för att skydda miljön. Utfallet kan tolkas som att miljöintresset förlorade mot handelsintresset.