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Through changes in climate and other environmental factors, alpine tundra ecosystems are subject to increased cover of erect shrubs, reduced predictability of rodent dynamics and changes in wild and domesticated herbivore densities. To predict the dynamics of these ecosystems, we need to understand how these simultaneous changes affect alpine vegetation. In the long term, vegetation dynamics may d
Tungsten (W) and niobium (Nb) belong to the refractory metal group and are used as alloying elements in steels and superalloys for high demand products. These metals are also used in a high purity single-phase state for products within nuclear, space, military and research facilities.In the current study, tool wear development and surface quality at different cutting conditions have been evaluated
To estimate the production of external ectomycorrhizal mycelia (EMM) in Norway spruce forests with varying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels, and to relate this to the N retention capacity of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) and N leaching. Seasonal changes in EMF production (in ingrowth mesh bags) and soil water N (in suction lysimeters) were analyzed after fertilization with N or N combined with
Clonal plants from poor habitats benefit less from morphologically plastic responses to heterogeneity than plants from more productive sites. In addition, physiological integration has been suggested to either increase or decrease the foraging efficiency of clonal plants. We tested the capacity for biomass production and morphological response in two closely related, rhizomatous species from habit
Theory predicts that variability in size and the shape of a morphological trait should often be stable both at the intra- and interspecific level. We studied variation in beak integration among several populations of two species of the genus Passer, a hybrid species, the Italian sparrow (Passer italiae) and one of its parents, the Spanish sparrow (Passer hispaniolensis). We show that the general s
Fluctuations in soil moisture create drying-rewetting events affecting the activity of microorganisms. Microbial responses to drying-rewetting are mostly studied in soils that are air-dried before rewetting. Upon rewetting, two patterns of bacterial growth have been observed. In the Type 1 pattern, bacterial growth rates increase immediately in a linear fashion. In the Type 2 pattern, bacterial gr
The identification of causal links between microbial community structure and ecosystem functions are required for a mechanistic understanding of ecosystem responses to environmental change. One of the most influential factors affecting plants and microbial communities in soil in managed ecosystems is the current land-use. In forestry, wood ash has been proposed as a liming agent and a fertilizer,
Many separate-sexed organisms have sex chromosomes controlling sex determination. Sex chromosomes often have reduced recombination, specialized (frequently sex-specific) gene content, dosage compensation and heteromorphic size. Research on sex determination and sex chromosome evolution has increased over the past decade and is today a very active field. However, some areas within the field have no
Good faith har beskrivits som en av de mest omdebatterade principerna i CISG och är också det ämne som denna uppsats behandlar. Eftersom artikel 7 är det enda stället i CISG där good faith uttryckligen omnämns har uppsatsen tagit sin utgångspunkt i denna artikel. En studie av fyra olika länder har bekräftat att det dilemma som är förknippat med good faith härrör från det faktum att principen tilThe principle of good faith has been described as one of the most debated concepts of the CISG and is also the main subject of this thesis. Since Article 7 is the only article of the CISG expressly mentioning good faith it has served as the base for this study. An examination of four different countries confirms that the dilemma of good faith originates from the fact that it is a concept known a
In Sweden, energy utilities face the double challenge of complying with the Kyoto protocol targets and increasing renewable energy capacity to make use of the electricity certificates system. Sydkraft AB and Vattenfall AB, two of the largest players in the Nordic electricity market, have different expectations regarding the future development of the two mechanisms and, therefore, have different ap
This thesis deals with the development of the EU asylum law and policy with focus on the role of burden-sharing and temporary protection. The Geneva Convention is the legal framework for community action. This is laid down by Article 63.1 of the EC Treaty. Article 63 does not only refer to the Geneva Convention, but also to other relevant Human Rights Treaties such as the 1948 Universal Declaratio
Vassiliki “Betty” Smocovitis has done a thorough and admirable job in highlighting the complex history the Modern Synthesis (MS) or the Evolutionary Synthesis (ES) as she prefers to call it. Her interesting contribution should hopefully increase awareness that the history of evolutionary biology is important even for researchers today who are mainly interested in solving practical questions of mor
After World War II and prior to the financial deregulation of the 1980s,monetary policy in Sweden as well as in other western Europeancountries rested chiefly on a system of far-reaching non-market-orientedcontrols of credit flows and interest rates. How was monetary policyconducted in such an environment of financial repression, where thecentral bank was unable to rely on traditional monetary pol
This state-of-the-art handbook, the first in a series that provides medical physicists with a comprehensive overview into the field of nuclear medicine, is dedicated to instrumentation and imaging procedures in nuclear medicine. It provides a thorough treatment on the cutting-edge technologies being used within the field, in addition to touching upon the history of their use, their development, an
Fragmentation of habitat, for example by intensive agricultural practices, can be detrimental to local biodiversity. However, it often remains unclear whether such biodiversity declines are caused by loss of habitat area or increased fragmentation, and how habitat quality factors into it. In our study system, vegetated vineyards are typically small, and isolated from one another, potentially limit
This state-of-the-art handbook, the third and final in a series that provides medical physicists with a comprehensive overview into the field of nuclear medicine, focuses on highlighting the production and application of radiopharmaceuticals. With this, the book also describes the chemical composition of these compounds, as well as some of the main clinical applications where radiopharmaceuticals
This paper discusses the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the long-standing human rights system of the United Nations. Thematically, these two modes of global governance strongly overlap. Several SDGs are in line with human rights obligations. At the same time, the SDGs and human rights are based on divergent logics and constructed very differently. After capturing
Selection leading to adaptation to interactions may generate rapid evolutionary feedbacks and drive diversification of species interactions. The challenge is to understand how the many traits of interacting species combine to shape local adaptation in ways directly or indirectly resulting in diversification. We used the well-studied interactions between Lithophragma plants (Saxifragaceae) and Grey
It is evident that Sarajevo has major challenges to create a dynamic culture around entrepreneurship. The reports also outline major constraints entrepreneurs face when hiring and retaining qualified labour. By applying the ILO’s Inclusive Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Framework, this report presentsthe root causes behind these challenges, and proposes ways forward to better include women and young p
Extreme environmental conditions make soils of the hyper-arid Atacama Desert one of the most hostile habitats for life on the planet. During the short intervals of moisture availability that occur, it remains unresolved how soil microorganisms physiologically respond to such dramatic environmental changes. Therefore, we simulated a precipitation event – without (H2O) and with (H2O + C) labile carb
