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Water flowing through hyporheic river sediments or artificial recharge facilities promotes the development of microbial communities with sediment depth. We performed an 83-day mesocosm infiltration experiment, to study how microbial functions (e.g., extracellular enzyme activities and carbon substrate utilization) are affected by sediment depth (up to 50 cm) and different oxygen concentrations. Re

An M-BCJR algorithm is proposed and tested over an AWGN channel with moderate to very intense intersymbol interference (ISI). Two M-BCJR applications are evaluated, simple detection over the ISI channel and turbo equalization. The signaling is binary faster than Nyquist linear modulation. The ISI models tested correspond to transmission of increasingly many bits/Hz-s with a fixed signal spectra; t

As social desirability has not received enough focus when estimating the predictive power of personality in explaining well-being variance, recent accounts of the relationship between ratings of personality and well-being might be overestimated. The current study investigated the influence of social desirability, operationalized as the evaluative factor of personality (i.e., the tendency to react

Maritima avgränsningstvister kräver uppmärksamhet- och hänsynstagande till, i varje enskilt fall, unika omständigheter. För att möta dessa krav krävs precisa och rättvisa bedömningar av ICJ för att upprätthålla rättssäkerheten. Resultatet av en ny havsgräns, vare sig det gäller uppdelning av naturresurser eller kust-sträcka, kan ha enorma effekter på de påverkade staterna. Det legala ramverket ICJMaritime delimitation disputes demand attention to and evaluation of a substantial amount of, in every different case, unique circumstances. Meeting this demand calls for precise and equitable judgements by the ICJ to uphold legal order. The results from a new maritime border being drawn, whether it be partitioning of natural resources or a certain coastal projection, can have tremendous effects o

This study aims to examine the challenges and practices of staff working at accommodations regulated by the Swedish Act concerning support and service for persons with certain functional impairments (LSS) when working with women with disabilities who have suffered from violence. Previous research shows that women with disabilities are at a greater risk of being victims of violence. Despite this kn

Recent shifts in phenology in response to climate change are well established but often poorly understood. Many animals integrate climate change across a spatially and temporally dispersed annual life cycle, and effects are modulated by ecological interactions, evolutionary change and endogenous control mechanisms. Here we assess and discuss key statements emerging from the rapidly developing stud

We investigated the distribution, storage and landscape partitioning of soil amorphous silica (ASi) in a central Canadian region dominated by tundra and peatlands to provide a first estimate of the amount of ASi stored in Arctic permafrost ecosystems. We hypothesize that, similar to soil organic matter, Arctic soils store large amounts of ASi which may be affected by projected climate changes and

Long-term phenology monitoring has documented numerous examples of changing flowering dates during the last century. A pivotal question is whether these phenological responses are adaptive or not under directionally changing climatic conditions. We use a classic dynamic growth model for annual plants, based on optimal control theory, to find the fitness-maximizing flowering time, defined as the sw

Shelf and coastal regions are exceptionally important for many countries as they provide the main habitat for many economically important fish and shellfish species. With ongoing climate change and human-induced eutrophication the shelf regions are especially affected, resulting in increased temperatures and stratification as well as oxygen depletion of the bottom waters. In order to be able to pr

Background: The forests of western Amazonia are known to be more dynamic that the better-studied forests of eastern Amazonia, but there has been no comprehensive description of the carbon cycle of a western Amazonian forest. Aims: We present the carbon budget of two forest plots in Tambopata in south-eastern Peru, western Amazonia. In particular, we present, for the first time, the seasonal variat

In this paper, we address distributed convergence to fair allocations of CPU resources for time-sensitive applications. We propose a novel resource management framework where a centralized objective for fair allocations is decomposed into a pair of performance-driven recursive processes for updating: (a) the allocation of computing bandwidth to the applications (resource adaptation), executed by t

What determines the seasonal and interannual variation of growth rates in trees in a tropical forest? We explore this question with a novel four-year high-temporal-resolution data set of carbon allocation from two forest plots in the Bolivian Amazon. The forests show strong seasonal variation in tree wood growth rates, which are largely explained by shifts in carbon allocation, and not by shifts i

Theoretical ecologists have long sought to understand how the persistence of populations depends on the interactions between exogenous (biotic and abiotic) and endogenous (e.g., demographic and genetic) drivers of population dynamics. Recent work focuses on the autocorrelation structure of environmental perturbations and its effects on the persistence of populations. Accurate estimation of extinct

Amendments to Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol have meant that detection of vegetation change may now form an interracial part of national soil carbon stocks. In this study multispectral multi-platform satellite data was processed to detect change to the surface vegetation of four peatland sites and one heath in Ireland. Spectral and spatial thresholds were used on difference images betw

The dopamine (DA) precursor l-DOPA has been the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) for over 40 years. However, the response to this treatment changes with disease progression, and most patients develop dyskinesias (abnormal involuntary movements) and motor fluctuations within a few years of l-DOPA therapy. There is wide consensus that these motor complications depend on both pre

This study suggests a predominantly socially-strategic function of the silver found in Viking Age hoards, more specifically, connected to the realm of customary law and the blood feud as a social institution. This suggestion is based on a quantitative and contextual analysis of the Íslendingasögur, and a comparison between the function of silver in the sagas and the composition and context of the