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This paper derives a set of policy lessons for Portugal from the new fiscal framework including a fiscal policy council that gradually emerged in Sweden after the deep economic crisis of the early 1990s. By now, Swedish public finances stand out among the strongest in Europe. Recent Swedish macroeconomic performance has been impressive. As Sweden and Portugal are small open economies in the periph
Crosstalk is one of the main limiting factors in the data rates achievable by digital subscriber line (DSL) systems, and several algorithms have been proposed to mitigate this impairment. In this paper, we compare the capacity of binders under different crosstalk-mitigating techniques. When computing capacity, we also compare two different power constraints: either on the total power in the binder
The main thrust of CNN technology has been in analog implementations. Early attempts for digital implementations have a limited potential, confining the usage to for instance linear algorithms for B/W pictures. The paper looks into the prospects of successfully integrating the full CNN potential. This requires a carefully tuning of memory and network-on-chip bandwidth to the temporal/spatial aspec
Starting with the assumption that perception is not merely a reaction to outside stimulation but a process of creation, although mostly brief and inaccessible to conscious retrieval, the present paper attempts to determine the prerequisites of a stable and secure accout of reality. The authors’ leading hypothesis is that a dependable end product of adaptive and constructive processes is contingent
A new explicit WET model for the turbulent heat fluxes is derived and developed from the transport equation of the scalar passive flux. In order to study the performance of the model itself, all other turbulent quantities are taken from a DNS channel flow data-base and thus the error source has been minimized. This anisotropic eddy diffusivity model can be solved with a two-equation model for the
The purpose of the article is to identify and look into the function of a number of means of legal international cooperation in administrative law. In this discussion on function, the roles and the interplay of the different tools are highlighted as striking a balance between international cooperation, national self-determination and individual rights. Within this theoretical framework, two main t
Some metal ions, such as copper and zinc, are essential nutrients and catalysts in biochemical reactions. Other metal ions, e.g. cadmium and mercury, are highly toxic elements. Heavy metals detection has proven difficult with classical as well as experimental analytical methods. Novel techniques are required for the measurement of bioavailable toxic elements and for detecting small ligands binding
Three pyralid moths, the Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella), the almond moth (Ephestia cautella) and the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), infest food products all over the world and cause severe problems in factories, shops and households. For health and environmental reasons chemical control becomes more and more restricted. We here present some promising results offering eff
In a free-electron laser (FEL), the technique of wiggler tapering enables the sustained growth of radiation power beyond the initial saturation. With the goal to develop anX-ray FEL in the terawatt power regime, it is important to utilize this technique and optimize the taper profile,giving the wiggler parameter as a function of the distance along the wiggler line. This article examines two method
The development of biological reactors for the treatment of toxic and recalcitrant organic pollutants is a complex task. Firstly, microbial inoculation, acclimation and selection must be optimized to provide the best microflora possible. Secondly, innovative technologies must be developed to overcome the intrinsic low degradation rates of hardly-degradable pollutants in order to allow short treatm
The interference based analysis of Bose Einstein Correlations in the Lund Model has hitherto been limited to simple strings without gluonic excitations. A new fragmentation method based on the Area Law in the Lund Model allows such an analysis to be extended to multigluon strings.
Since the end of the Cold War, the operations of secret police informers have come under the media spotlight, and it is now common knowledge that vast internal networks of spies in the Soviet Union and East Germany were directed by the Communist Party. By contrast, very little historical information has been available on the covert operations of the security services in Mao Zedong's China. However
Many product development projects nowadays use computer-aided engineering systems in the analysis of product proposals. It is therefore important to appropriately integrate the analyses activities in the product development process. One important aspect of this integration is how to handle the initiation of the task: identifying the need, planning the task and its monitoring, and communicating it
