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The use of intravenous artificial oxytocin for augmentation of labour is very common in midwifery care in Sweden. Studies have shown that oxytocin is often administered to women in labour who have no signs of labour dystocia. It was the aim of this study to examine Swedish midwives' views on and experiences of labour augmentation in the context of normal labour. Individual interviews were carried
Taking a global perspective this paper sets out to theoretically and empirically identify prosperity patterns for four groups of countries at different levels of economic development. It conceptualizes ‘prosperity’ in terms of ecological sustainability, social inclusion, and the quality of life and contextualizes this definition in global perspective. Subsequently, it operationalizes and measures
To develop an innovative information and communication technology (ICT) tool intended to help older people in their search for optimal housing solutions, a first step in the development process is to gain knowledge from the intended users. Thus the aim of this study was to deepen the knowledge about needs and expectations about housing options as expressed and prioritized by older people, people a
Background: In most clubfoot studies, the outcome instruments used are designed to evaluate classification or long-term cross-sectional results. Variables deal mainly with factors on body function/structure level. Wide scorings intervals and total sum scores increase the risk that important changes and information are not detected. Studies of the reliability, validity and responsiveness of these i
High-spin terminating bands in heavy nuclei were first identified in nuclei around Er-158(90). While examples of special terminating states have been identified in a number of erbium isotopes, almost nothing is known about the states lying beyond band termination. In the present work the high-spin structure of Er-157 has been studied using the Gammasphere spectrometer. The subject of triaxial supe
A disaccharide scaffold based on galabiose (Gal1–4Gal) was synthesized. Four different acceptors were evaluated in the -galactosylation and a relationship between the nucleophilicity, yield, and /-selectivity was found. The scaffold contains two orthogonal derivatisation sites, i.e. at O-2′ and the anomeric position, and as proof of concept, one derivatised galabioside was synthesized. Compounds b
We investigated whether renal function and microalbuminuria are independent predictors and whether any interaction exists between them, regarding future cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients (n=10 881) followed for 4.5 years. The primary end points (PEs) were fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke and other cardiovascular deaths. Creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GF
This paper supplements a previous review of the Perrin process for steelmaking with the same focus on its principles, technology and economics. Metallurgically, Perrin's idea of emulsification as a means of achieving rapid reaction also applies to the production of ferro-alloys. However, the larger proportion of the amount of slag in relation to that of metal makes it necessary to use other proced
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to modify its phenotypic characteristics in response to different environments. Theory predicts that adaptive plasticity should primarily evolve in organisms that experience heterogeneous environments. An organism's dispersal rate is a key component in these models, because the degree of dispersal partly determines the extent of environmental hete
Abstract Background: Mass-weighted aerodynamic particle-size distribution (APSD) is a key attribute for pharmaceutical products developed to deliver drugs to or through the lungs. In development and quality control, APSD is primarily determined using multistage cascade impactors. For impactor techniques, particle reentrainment is critical because it may lead to an overestimation of the respirable
An analytical strategy to determine metals in environmental samples contaminated with both organophosphate pesticides and metals is presented. In the first step, parathion and arsenate were determined separately. Inhibition of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase was quantified employing an enzyme thermistor and also with a CCD camera. Subsequently, parathion mixed with arsenate was measured. A molecu
A seventh-order accurate and extremely stable algorithm for the rapid computation of stress fields inside cracked rectangular domains is presented. The algorithm is seventh-order accurate since it incorporates basis functions, taking the asymptotic shape of the stress fields close to crack tips and corners into account at least up to order six. The algorithm is stable since it is based on a Fredho
The maintenance of plumage color polymorphism in the parasitic jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus) is still not well understood. Earlier studies indicated that selection may favor pale females and melanic males. If so, females would maximize their fitness, producing pale female and melanic male offspring. We therefore predicted that females might bias their offspring sex ratio toward daughters in pa
We propose a formalism for calculating analytic derivatives of the electronic energy with respect to nuclear coordinates using Cholesky decomposition of the two-electron integrals. The formalism is derived by exploiting the equivalence of Cholesky decomposition and density fitting when a suitable auxiliary basis set is used for expanding atomic orbital product densities in the latter. An implement
Initial investigations were directed at studying the interaction between polyamines and various glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The polyamine spermine displayed binding to dermatan sulphate (DS) and heparan sulphate (HS) with similar (Kd, 3.9 x 10-4 M) and higher (Kd, 0.37 x 10-6 M) affinity, respectively, than to DNA. Antiproliferative spermine-binding DS fragments (tetra- to decasaccharides), and aff
Combining the strengths of an advanced mathematical model of human physiology and a thermal manikin is a new paradigm for simulating thermal behaviour of humans. However, the forerunners of such adaptive manikins showed some substantial limitations. This project aimed to determine the opportunities and constraints of the existing thermal manikins when dynamically controlled by a mathematical model
This thesis is divided into two parts in which two different aspects of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Project are discussed. The first part describes the design of a transition radiation tracker (TRT) for the inner detector in ATLAS. In particular, the barrel part was studied in detail. The barrel TRT consists of 52 544 1.5-m-long proportional tubes (straws), parallel to the beam axis and each
