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Background: Standardized techniques to detect HIV-neutralizing antibody responses are of great importance in the search for an HIV vaccine. Methods: Here, we present a high-throughput, high-content automated plaque reduction (APR) assay based on automated microscopy and image analysis that allows evaluation of neutralization and inhibition of cell-cell fusion within the same assay. Neutralization
Advanced radio system designs have been proposed that are intended to overcome or even take advantage of the radio channel caused by multipath effects in urban environments to achieve even higher performance. We present analytical expressions for the angle-of-arrival power density function (PDF) and general analysis for time of arrival (expressed in terms of distance) respectively, for the channel
Today's western society is obsessed with change, and more specifically technological change. Innovation is a buzzword in a number of policy areas including research policy, economic policy, and environmental policy. Beyond Innovation counter weighs this present innovation monomania by broadening our thinking about technological and institutional change. It is done by a multidisciplinary review of
Full-scale ethanol production from spruce has been evaluated, mainly from an energy perspective, using an Aspen Plus-model including all major process steps. The model input was based on data recently obtained on lab scale or in a process development unit. A number of different process configurations are presented in order to demonstrate how heat integration within the ethanol process significantl
In this paper we address the problem of projective reconstruction of structure and motion given only image data. In particular we investigate three novel minimal combinations of points and lines over three views, and give complete solutions and reconstruction methods for two of these cases: "four points and three lines in three views", and "two points and six lines in three views". We show that in
Accurate measurement of bank risk is a matter of considerable importance for bank regulation and supervision. Current practices in most countries emphasize reliance on financial statement data for assessing banks’ risk. However, the possibility of increased reliance on market-based risk indicators has been a topic for academic and regulatory debate for a long time. Market monitoring of bank risk h
Current-mode control can be used to control switched DC-DC power converters. This paper compares two continuous-time models for current-mode control that are made to be accurate up to half the switching frequency. The two models are the ones presented by Ridley and Tan. The closed loop frequency responses predicted by these two models are compared with results obtained from simulations of a buck c
In the present work amphiphilic graft copolymers were prepared by free radical copolymerization of macromonomers in solution. The graft copolymers consisted of methacrylate backbones bearing ethylene oxide (EO)n side chains of varying length as ionophilic groups, and fluorocarbon (CF2)6 side chains or hydrocarbon groups as ionophobic groups. Homogenous polymer gel electrolytes were prepared by add
Several ligands based upon 2-substituted bicyclic[2.2.2]octane-2,6-diols (BODOLs) were synthesized and evaluated in two catalytic reactions: I) the Ti(IV)-mediated catecholborane asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones and II) as catalysts in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes. The ligands were prepared by baker's yeast mono-reduction of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-dione,
This paper presents new methods trellis source coding at rates above and below one. The new schemes have in common a code design based on branch correlation, a large reproducer alphabet, and an encoder based on either the Viterbi algorithm or a tailbiting MAP technique. The methods are easily adapted to various bit rates, but here only the results for R = 2 and R = 1/2 bits per source sample are p
Prepared under the framework of the European Cluster Alliance (ECA), the report provides an overview of existing good practice examples of different tools and analytical methods used during the cluster-making process. The report is based on the results of an international survey of experts working in the field, and the outcomes of a workshop organised in Copenhagen in September 2008. A number of
The latest long-term plan for science and technology reflects China’s determination both to overcome growing domestic social and environmental problems through technology and to become a world leader in innovation. This latest fifteen-year plan presents no radical departure from earlier strategies and continues to define policymaking by Beijing’s strong belief that innovation can be “decreed” top-
Advances in scheduling theory have given designers of control systems greater flexibility over their choice of timing requirements. This could lead to systems becoming more responsive and more maintainable. However, experience has shown that engineers find it difficult to exploit these advantages due to the difficulty in determining the “real” timing requirements of systems and therefore the techn
