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BACKGROUND: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we
This paper explores the context, problems, quality, and challenges of local governance in four Central Asian countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The prime focus is on the question of whether local governments in this region perform their functions in an effective and efficient way. It looks at the four conditions – contextual, structural, institutional and human resource
Realistic and accurate reconstructions of past vegetation cover are necessary to study past environmental changes. This is important since the effects of human land-use changes (e.g. agriculture, deforestation and afforestation/reforestation) on biodiversity and climate are still under debate. Over the last decade, development, validation, and application of pollen-vegetation relationship models h
(“Dissolved organic carbon leaching flux in a mixed agriculture and forest watershed in Rwanda” [1]). This article presents data of leached dissolved organic carbon (LDOC), stream water dissolved organic carbon), rainfall amount (Ra), rainfall intensity (Ri), rainfall soil storage (S), runoff (Q), and soil properties such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity
Coexistence between great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus, but also other hole-nesting taxa, constitutes a classic example of species co-occurrence resulting in potential interference and exploitation competition for food and for breeding and roosting sites. However, the spatial and temporal variations in coexistence and its consequences for competition remain poorly understood.
Popular Abstract in English Internal combustion engine plays an important role in our society. In our daily life, we use them to drive cars, trucks, ships, generating electricity and heat, and in many other applications. Modern internal combustion engines fall into three catalogues: gasoline engines, diesel engines and low temperature compression ignition engine. They are developed to achieve highThis thesis deals with direct numerical simulation (DNS) of low temperature combustion in internal combustion engine related conditions. In particular, HCCI (homogeneous charge compression ignition), SACI (spark assisted ho-mogeneous charge compression ignition) and PPC (partially premixed charge combustion) were investigated to gain deeper understanding on the details of the combustion process. I
Public transport affects people on a daily basis and therefore it is important for the public transport sector to improve the user experience for travellers. Simplicity is a keyword in the improved user experience where mobile solutions play an important role for the experience. The aim in this master thesis is to explore ways how to use a smartphone to make it easier for travellers and how to pre
The overriding aim of the prison and probation service is to provide sentenced offenders proper care and personal change opportunities so as to prevent relapse into criminal activity. The municipalities, county councils and labour market agencies are responsible for the social welfare services as well as for housing and employment assistance and this is where the real possibility to influence the
Members have traditionally played a central role in civil society organisations (CSOs) since they typically are the ones who decide upon the course of the organisation and carry out organisational activities. However, with organisations becoming more professionalised, concerns have been raised about the future role of members. Previous research point to different consequences on membership due to
The double compression-expansion engine concepts (DCEE) are split-cycle concepts where the compression, combustion, expansion and gas exchange strokes occur in two or more different cylinders. Previous simulation studies reveal there is a potential to improve brake efficiency with these engine concepts due to improved thermodynamic and mechanical efficiencies. As a continuation of this project thi
The aim of this study was to analyse how energy use, building physics properties and indoor environment data have been obtained in the initial evaluation phases of multifamily building renovations in Sweden. Between 1964 and 1975, approximately one million homes were built in Sweden. These buildings are now in need of renovation. To perform proper status assessment of a building before a renovatioThe aim of this study was to analyse how energy use, building physics properties and indoor environment data have been obtained in the initial evaluation phases of multifamily building renovations in Sweden. Between 1964 and 1975, approximately one million homes were built in Sweden. These buildings are now in need of renovation. To perform proper status assessment of a building before a renovatio
In this paper I ask how ethnology with a medical humanities perspective can use the term Anthropocene to better understand the emerging fact that we soon will stand without functional antibiotics.
When conducting randomised clinical trials, the choice of methodology and statistical analyses will influence the results. If the planned methodology is not of optimal quality and predefined in detail, there is a risk of biased trial results and interpretation. Even though clinical trial methodology is already at a very high standard, there are many trials that deliver biased results due to the im
BACKGROUND: Understanding the patterns of HIV/AIDS epidemics is crucial to tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts in countries. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, mortality, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 1980-2017 and forecast these estimates to 2030 for 195 countries and territories.M
China plans expanding 49.5 million hectares of new forests by 2050 to strengthen carbon sequestration. However, estimates of the carbon benefits from this expansion rarely consider the effect of 'forest edge', where tree mortality increases under intensified stress from wind, drought, pests, and fire. Here we show that proximity to forest edges substantially reduces biomass carbon storage, and dev
