Filtyp
Crater II (CraII), a large and low-density dwarf spheroidal galaxy, has unusual observed properties that are difficult to reproduce in cold dark matter simulations. Ongoing tidal disruption may help explain the discrepancies, as evidenced by the recent discovery of tidal tails. Here we present metallicity-sensitive narrowband photometry of the Ca II H and K lines from the Dark Energy Camera, cover
A spatio-temporal model is constructed to interpolate yearly precipitation data from 1982 to 1996 over the African Sahel. The precipitation data used in the analysis comes from the Global Historical Climatology Network. The spatio-temporal model is based on a Gaussian Markov random field approach with AR(1)-dependence in time and a spatial component modeled using an approximation of a field withMa
Multiphase flows where particles, bubbles, or droplets are suspended in a fluid govern critical processes in biology, medicine, materials processing, and geophysics. However, observing their microscale dynamics in opaque systems has remained a fundamental challenge. We present Synchrotron X-ray Multi-Projection Imaging (XMPI), a novel approach enabling four-dimensional (3D + time) tracking of micr
To selectively detect minority sites and measure their catalytic properties when they are shadowed by a large amount of similar spectator sites is challenging. Inspired by bat's bio sonar system used to hunt insects in darkness we here use temperature modulations combined with time-resolved ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to hunt active CO-vacancy sites in a predominantly CO-cove
Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly linked to systemic metabolic dysfunction, with brain insulin resistance (BIR) positioned as a central mediator. Yet translating this insight into effective therapies has proven remarkably difficult. This review argues that BIR-driven neurodegeneration should be interpreted at two distinct but interconnected levels: cell-type-specific disruption of brain
This thesis investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and environmental statistics to address challenges in renewable energy optimization and environmental monitoring. Environmental systems are inherently complex, dynamic, and uncertain, making data-driven methods particularly valuable for modeling and analysis. Advances in remote sensing technologies and the
This study introduces a methodology that embeds ‘Benefit of the Doubt’ evaluations of performance of innovation systems, based on objective measures of technical effectiveness—that compare the values of a set of indicators across countries—into the literature of composite indicators, which rank countries relying on utility functions and whose aggregating structure and weights are subjectively chos
Changing illumination constitutes a serious challenge for video segmentation algorithms, especially in outdoor scenes under cloudy conditions. Rapid illumination changes, e.g. caused by varying cloud cover, often cause existing segmentation algorithms to erroneously classify large parts of the image as foreground. Here a method that extends existing segmentation algorithms by detecting illuminatio
Although the reduction of iron oxides has been widely studied using bulk characterization techniques, direct observations of surface chemical states under reaction conditions remain limited. Here, the reduction behavior of iron oxides in a CO/H2 atmosphere is investigated using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) combined with ex situ microstructural characterization. APXPS r
Clear and effective central bank communication is essential for shaping market expectations and supporting the transmission of monetary policy. This paper examines whether differences in the messages conveyed by individual policymakers affect how financial markets respond to monetary policy decisions. Using a novel measure of communication dispersion constructed from European Central Bank board me
BackgroundUnderstanding how physical fitness develops during adolescence is critical for interpreting and optimizing training and setting realistic performance expectations in youth sport. Yet, evidence-based, age-referenced benchmarks that track multiple fitness components across sports remain lacking, leaving practitioners without reliable normative trajectories to guide athlete development.Purp
Continuously indexed Gaussian fields (GFs) is the most important ingredient in spatial statistical modelling and geo-statistics. The specification through the covariance function gives an intuitive interpretation of its properties. On the computational side, GFs are hampered with the "big-n" problem, since the cost of factorising dense matrices is cubic in the dimension. Although the computational
Timber-concrete composite (TCC) systems are increasingly adopted in structural applications, placing greater emphasis on the performance of shear connection systems. In this study, the performance of a novel type of connector in TCC systems, the perfobond shear connector, is experimentally investigated in full-scale TCC T-beams in which two concrete types are considered, lightweight and normal wei
Purpose: To investigate adenoma progression, pituitary function, visual impairment, and need for later surgery in elderly patients with conservatively managed nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (macro-NFPAs). Methods: Patients ≥ 65 years in the Swedish Pituitary Registry diagnosed 1991–2023 with macro-NFPA and a decision for conservative management were included (n = 673, 38% females). Data at
