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Wastewater treatment is a worldwide necessity that is even more crucial to countries deprived from abundant fresh water sources or unable to afford advanced and costly processes. With this perspective, this thesis was conducted within an Egyptian-Swedish research collaboration that aimed to develop solar-based (as free renewable energy source available locally) process for hazardous wastewater tre

This dissertation examines the construction of P&amp&semicI club letters of undertaking by the English courts, and whether their approach can be criticised based on the legal nature of such contracts, the principles of construction which have been held applicable to them and their commercial purpose. A letter of undertaking serves as alternative security to an arrest and consists of a prom

This essay is a comparison of the American and the Swedish labor law systems regarding the right to strike. American unions generally have a tougher time than Swedish unions to get by. Not only do they have to fight the employers, the federal government does not give much support either and the union dislike is widely spread amongst the population. This goes back all the way to the beginning of th

Currently, we are experiencing biodiversity loss on different spatial scales. One of the best studied taxonomic groups in decline is the butterflies. Here, we review evidence for such declines using five systematic studies from southern Sweden that compare old butterfly surveys with the current situation. Additionally, we provide data on butterfly and burnet moth extinctions in the region’s counti

Three building components exposed to natural climate were studied: a dynamic insulation in the ceiling of a house, an outer wall and one window in the same wall. The term dynamic insulation implies that part of the inlet or exhaust air passes through the insulation of a house. A house with dynamic insulation was continuously measured for approximately a year and a half. The performance of the dyna

Popular Abstract in Swedish Medan akut smärta ofta kan bemästras på ett framgångsrikt sätt saknas ofta adekvat behandling av kroniska smärttillstånd. Smärta är ett dominerande symptom vid en mängd sjukdomar såsom till exempel, reumatoid artrit, cancer, migrän, ryggskador, fibromyalgi och tillgängliga analgetika är ofta otillräckliga. Det finns därför ett stort behov att utveckla nya och effektiva Introduction: To understand the function of the genes and their products in the pain system, studies will have to deal with complex issues related to intercellular communication, e.g. plasticity in neuronal networks. To provide a basis for such studies, the present thesis compares basic features of the nociceptive spinal systems including the organization of nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWR),

Microbial contamination in coastal environments and groundwater is explored within this thesis, focusing onfecal contamination from anthropogenic sources and microbial community dynamics. The spread andpersistence of microbial contaminants in complex aquatic environments with multiple intermittent and pointsources of contamination, was studied in order to lay a groundwork for developing more robus

In the scientific domain of high energy physics (HEP), the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) was created in order to handle the huge compute and storage needs of the experiments at Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Today WLCG combines about 1.4 million computer cores and 1.5 exabytes of storage from over 170 sites in 42 countries. What ties the sites together is the middleware installed at each site,

Managua has experienced two devastating earthquakes during the last century resulting in major human loss. The destruction in the earthquake of 1972 was particularly severe in defined areas of the city, including the former city centre, which is now unused terrain. This may have been because of amplification in those areas due to impedance contrasts and resonance effects in the surface layers. Th

This essay is about reading among patients in hospital. The aim of the essay is to find out what part reading and the library play for patients in hospital. An additional aim is to find out in what ways the collaboration between hospital librarians and hospital staff could be developed. The starting-point of the problem is one main question: What part does reading play for the patient during the s

The basin of the Poopó Lake, situated on the Bolivian high plateau, is severely contaminated by the mineral extraction and processing activities within the area. Many rivers in the area contain high concentrations of arsenic, lead and cadmium both in the water and the sediment phase. Moreover, huge amounts of mineral waste are situated in the area. In this study the environmental conditions of thr

The introduction of new farming technologies, such as high-yielding varieties, has for long been regarded as one of the best strategies to increase agricultural production, and to combat poverty and food-insecurity. Since around 2005, New Rice for Africa (Nerica) is one of the main development strategies for combating such issues in Sierra Leone, and in many other African countries. Africa Rice Ce

Drift av kärnkraftverk och andra kärntekniska anläggningar resulterar i radioaktivt avfall. Att mäta och karakterisera detta avfall finns det ett stort behov av då en tunna med radioaktivt avfall hamnar i olika förvar beroende på hur högaktivt och långlivat innehållet är. Visar det sig att avfallet är tillräckligt lågaktivt kan innehållet friklassas, d.v.s. att hantering/användning av materialet kIn order to store radioactive waste its contents need to be known. Determining radioactive waste can be achieved by different means. The most common method is using a detector to measure the gamma photons produced by the radionuclides in the waste. A widely used method is Segmented Gamma Scanning, in which the waste package is rotated in front of a detector and then raised to the next vertical seg

Dagens miljöproblem måste lösas för att skona framtida generationer och miljön. Miljöcertifiering är en bit på vägen. Syftet med denna rapport är att redogöra för vad det innebär att miljöcertifiera en byggnad. Rapporten behandlar hur olika miljöcertifieringsmetoder fungerar och hur arbetsmetodiken för en certifiering ser ut. Eftersom det finns olika miljöcertifieringsmetoder är syftet också att gTitle: Environmental certification of buildings with Miljöbyggnad, Green Building, BREEAM and LEED - A review of the methods with comprehensive comparison Problem: Today's environmental problems must be solved in order to spare future generations and the environment. Environmental certification is a part of the solution. So what is the point with environmental certification and what reasons a

Entreprenader löper stor risk att utsättas för hinder som medför att den avta-lade kontraktstiden inte kan hållas. Det kan exempelvis handla om extrema väderförhållanden som försvårar arbetet, eller arbetsområden som inte är tillgängliga för entreprenören på grund av en sidoentreprenör. Den här uppsatsen syftar till att utreda frågan om när ett hinder kan anses bero på beställaren, eller något förDuring the course of construction, there is a high risk of events that cause delays for the contractor. These events can for example con¬sist of extreme weather conditions that are obstructing the construction works, or the work area being occupied by sub-contractors. This thesis aims to investigate un¬der what conditions the contractor can be given extension of time and/or compensation for prolon

At the IT department of IKEA, test specialists who are responsible for software testing are currently using a suite from Hewlett Packard called HP Application Lifecycle Management that includes an analysis tool for test result evaluation. During the implementation of this thesis work, the real world demand for a replacement of the analysis tool became apparent, as the interface of the analysis too

The Potential of Esters as Renewable Fuels: Determination of Laminar Burning Velocities Biodiesel fuel is widely used as a clean fuel in car engines. Ester fuels are a one kind of a biodiesel fuel which includes many chemical compounds. Due to their chemical and physical properties these esters are difficult to investigate in a laboratory. The heat flux method was used in this study to determine

Under 2010 infördes ett skärpt skadeståndsansvar för föräldrar i svensk rätt. Efter ändringen fick föräldrar ett ansvar oberoende av eget vållande, för vissa skador som deras barn orsakar genom brott. Det nya ansvaret är unikt på flera sätt. Det utgör ett avsteg från den huvudsakliga principen i svensk rätt, att ansvar endast utgår för eget vållande. Det är i ytterst få fall som privatpersoner haDuring 2010, a stricter form of parental liability was introduced in Swedish tort law. The reform meant that parents, regardless of their own negligence would be held responsible for damages that their children caused through criminal acts. The new liability was unique in many ways. It was a deviation from the main principle in Swedish law, that you are only liable due to own negligence. It is in

Employing enzymes as catalysts in the production of chiral amines that are both used as building blocks and active pharmaceutical ingredients might be promising due to milder reaction conditions compared to non-biological catalysts, exclusion of heavy metals, high selectivity towards substrates and precision in chirality of the products. Transaminases are attractive for the use in this process. In

Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur det arbetsrättsliga skyddet samt kollektiv-avtalen för professionella lagidrottare som blir gravida eller föräldrar ser ut. Uppsatsen kikar också närmare på de praktiska problem som kan uppstå i spänningen mellan idrottsjuridiken och samhällets lagar och regler. De lagid-rotter som arbetet undersökt är fotboll, ishockey, basket, handboll och inne-bandy. För att kunThis paper examines the nature of labour law regulation and collective agree-ments for professional team athletes who become pregnant or become parents. It also takes a closer look at the practical problems that can arise in the tension between sports law and society's laws and regulations. The team sports exa-mined are football, ice hockey, basketball, handball and floorball. In order to inve