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Importance: Novel plasma biomarkers, especially phosphorylated tau (p-tau), can detect brain tau aggregates in Alzheimer disease. Objective: To determine which plasma biomarker combinations can accurately detect tau pathological brain changes in Down syndrome (DS). Design, Setting, and Participants: The cross-sectional, multicenter Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome study included adul

This work presents optical methods utilizing visible light for characterization of biological tissue during diagnostics and treatment processes. The main aim has been to improve the therapeutic outcome of treatment modalities in in vivo studies. An optical probe instrument based on fluorescence/reflectance spectroscopy was developed for noninvasive monitoring of photosensitizerconcentration in the

Background: Brief screening instruments focusing on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that can be administered in primary care are scarce; there is a need for shorter and more precise instruments. The Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC) has previously been validated for ASD reporting excellent validity. This study aims to determine the psychometric properties of each item in

The evidence-based analysis of people's navigation and wayfinding behaviour in large-scale built-up environments (e.g., hospitals, airports) encompasses the measurement and qualitative analysis of a range of aspects including people's visual perception in new and familiar surroundings, their decision-making procedures and intentions, the affordances of the environment itself, etc. In our research

Wetland methane responses to temperature and precipitation are studied in a boreal wetland-rich region in northern Europe using ecosystem process models. Six ecosystem models (JSBACH-HIMMELI, LPX-Bern, LPJ-GUESS, JULES, CLM4.5, and CLM5) are compared to multi-model means of ecosystem models and atmospheric inversions from the Global Carbon Project and upscaled eddy covariance flux results for thei

Background: The migratory process in birds consists of alternating periods of flight and fueling. Individuals of some populations make few flights and long stopovers, while others make multiple flights between short stopovers. Shorebirds are known for executing marathon flights (jumps), but most populations studied are long distance migrants, often crossing major barriers and thus forced to make l

The role of multiple groups of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) as ice nucleating particles (INPs), and of ice formation processes such as time-dependent freezing of various INPs, and various secondary ice production(SIP) mechanisms in overall ice concentration has been evaluated in a range of cloud systems by simulating them numerically with the state-of-the-art ‘Aerosol-Cloud’ (AC) m

Recent measurements of collective effect-like signals in small collision systems has highlighted the need for new models to explain these phenomena. One good candidate for such a model is the AMY QCD effective kinetic theory, which is valid for systems in- and out-of-equilibrium. This thesis is a collection of four papers which all investigate how to apply AMY kinetic theory to explain the evoluti

BackgroundThe needs of care based on palliative principles are stressed for all people with progressive and/or life-limiting conditions, regardless of age and the place in which care is provided. Person-centred palliative care strives to make the whole person visible and prioritizes the satisfaction of spiritual, existential, social, and psychological needs to the same extent as physical needs. Ho

This thesis is comprised of five papers that are all related to the subject of financial time series. We study statistical aspects of conditional heteroskedastic models commonly used in modelling financial volatility. Paper I discusses the performance of commonly known information criteria in the presence of various GARCH processes. The investigation has been performed using Monte Carlo simulatio

Morocco has for twenty years been in what is officially described as a transition to democracy. During the former king Hassan II negotiations with the opposition resulted in two constitutional reforms and a new government in 1998 dominated by the former opposition parties. In the 2000s two important law reforms were made: a new law of personal status in 2004 and a new constitution in 2011. The new

In this licentiate thesis the implications of a deliberate use of logistics knowledge have been investigated by describing and analyzing the use of a supply chain management approach in the construction industry.
A five-step approach is used in the thesis. First, theoretical models are developed from the supply chain management literature. Two models are elaborated; One model identifying sup

This thesis describes the relations between objects, practices, and individuals. The main objective is to explore the role of artefacts in user-centred participatory design research, specifically for expressing and communicating personal experiences and creating meaning. In a broad sense I draw on experiences from three practices in order to define the scope of the thesis. The first is practice-le

The aim of this study is to offer as detailed analysis as possible of the Compendium Saxonis, a late medieval abridgement of the famous historical work Gesta Danorum, written towards the end of the XII century by Saxo Grammaticus. Books I–IV and XVI have been used for this purpose. The study contains an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. In the introduction, scarce information known abou

Denna uppsats övergripande syfte har varit att redogöra för och analysera gällande upphovsrätt i förhållande till tillhandahållandet av en länk som leder till olagligen publicerat material. Ämnet är högaktuellt då EU-domstolen så sent som i höstas meddelade en dom i det så kallade GS Media-målet, där denna typ av länkning behandlades för första gången. Analysen har gjorts utifrån upphovsrättshavThis thesis investigates the regulation of copyright infringement, in relation to the provision of a link that leads to illegally published works. The topic is highly relevant, since the CJEU recently handed down a judgment in the so called GS Media case, where linking to work published without the consent of the rights holder, was assessed for the first time. The analysis is written from a copyr

Godsfrakt till sjöss sker över hela världen och utgör en stor del av världshandeln. Vid resebefraktning tar fartygsägaren på sig att på uppdrag av befraktaren transportera gods vissa specifika resor. En förutsättning för att dessa resor ska kunna genomföras och att godset ska kunna lastas och lossas är att fartyget har en möjlighet att på ett säkert sätt nå de hamnar som är angivna som destinationCarriage of goods by sea occurs all over the globe and constitutes a large part of the world trade. In the case of voyage charters, the shipowner undertakes transport of goods via one or more specific voyages. A prerequisite for these journeys to be carried out and for the goods to be loaded and unloaded is that the ship can reach the nominated port safely. This essay deals with the relationship

Ska kronvittnen införas i svensk lagstiftning? Frågan har vidrörts ett flertal gånger i den politiska debatten och är idag ett oerhört aktuellt ämne. Sveriges statsminister meddelade i januari 2019 att ännu en utredning om kronvittnen ska tillsättas. Ett kronvittne är en tilltalad som erhåller strafflindring på grund av att hen medverkat eller assisterat i utredningen av annans brottslighet. StrShould crown witnesses be introduced into Swedish legislation? The question has arisen several times in the Swedish political debate and is today an exceedingly contemporary topic. In January 2019, the Prime Minister of Sweden announced that another inquiry regarding crown witnesses should be made. A crown witness is a defendant whom receives mitigation of his or her sentence because they have pa

Komikern Aron Flam åtalades den 17e juli 2020 för intrång i upphovsrätten. Flam använde sig av ett redan existerande verk “En svensk tiger” av Bertil Almqvist. Han parodierade verket och använde parodin på omslaget av sin bok “Det här är en svensk tiger” som för en kritisk diskussion kring tystnadskultur som han anser finns i Sverige. Genom boken och omslaget nyttjar Flam sin yttrandefrihet att föAron Flam was charged on July 17th, 2020 with copyright infringement. He used an already existing work "En svensk tiger" by Bertil Almqvist and made a parody out of the work that he then used for the cover of his book “Det här är en svensk tiger”. Flam uses his freedom of speech in his book which discusses “silence culture” in Sweden, from a critical perspective. He uses the parody to co

I juni 2018 meddelade HD ett avgörande (NJA 2018 s. 414) gällande förutsättningarna för att en advokat ska anses skadeståndsansvarig vid vårdslös rådgivning. Rättsfallet som blev uppmärksammat möttes även av kritik då det inte ansågs sprida mycket ljus över frågan med undantag av att ribban för skadeståndsansvar numera var hög. HD hade nämligen konstaterat att skadeståndsansvar förelåg först vid uIn June of 2018 the Supreme Court delivered a judgment regarding a lawyer’s liability for damages due to negligent advice. The case (NJA 2018 s. 414) was met with criticism as it was not considered to bring much clarity to the matter. It was suspected that the bar concerning lawyer’s liability had been raised since the Supreme Court had stated that liability for damages only existed when the lawye