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This essay constitutes a qualitative case study about democratization theory and the middle class in Russia. This is a very important case to study, especially because of the geographic position of the country as well as the economic importance Russia has as a part of the G8. In the essay the author seeks to answer the question whether the lack of a significant middle class in Russia can be a part
Denna uppsats analyserar hur synen på straffets ändamål kommer till ut- tryck i Straffreformutredningen (SOU 2025:66 En straffreform). Syftet är att undersöka vilka straffteoretiska principer som får störst genomslag i utred- ningen och dess tillhörande direktiv, samt vad denna riktning reflekterar för grundläggande föreställningar om straffets funktion. Särskilt fokus ligger på hur straff, i synnThis thesis analyses how the purpose of punishment is articulated in ”Straff- reformutredningen”(the report for the proposed criminal law reform in Swe- den, SOU 2025:66). The aim is to examine which penal theories gain the greatest influence in the report and what this direction reflects in terms of underlying conceptions of the purpose of punishment. Particular attention is paid to how punishmen
A methodology for developing software intensive systems denoted Cleanroom Software Engineering is presented. The methodology has been developed at IBM and Software Engineering Technology (SET) in the USA, and is currently being adapted and applied to the field of telecommunications by Q-Labs.The main objective of Cleanroom is to introduce a set of management and engineering techniques which shall
BackgroundLoss to follow-up (LTFU) from tuberculosis (TB) treatment and care is a major public health problem as patients can be infectious and also may develop a multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The study aimed to assess whether LTFU differs by the distance TB patients travelled to receive care from the nearest health facility.MethodsA total of 402 patient cards of TB patients who received care
Background: Violence due to firearms is a major global public health issue and vascular injuries from firearms are particularly lethal. The aim of this study was to analyse population-based epidemiology of firearm-related vascular injuries. Methods: This was a retrospective nationwide epidemiological study including all patients with firearm injuries from the national Swedish Trauma Registry (SweT
In contexts of transnational migration, language skills provide the key to employability and successful integration into host country societies. To enhance the learning process, and facilitate transitions into the workforce, integrated programs of L2 learning have been developed in several Nordic countries. In these undertakings, language learning, vocational education, and workplace practice are
Formation of metal hydrides is a serious complication that occur when hydride forming metals such as zirconium, niobium, vanadium and magnesium are exposed to long term hydrogen environment. The main concern is that the hydride, as being a brittle material, has very poor fracture mechanical properties. Formation of hydride is associated with transportation of hydrogen along the gradients of increa
Autoantibodies to human pituitary cytosol proteins were determined by immunoblotting in sera from patients with hypopituitarism and their relatives. Reactivity to an M(r) 49 000 protein was significantly more frequent in patients (6/21 (28%) P<0.05) as well as in relatives (10/35 (28%) P<0.02) compared with controls (3/44 (6.8%)). Autoantibodies to this particular protein have previously been dete
This article presents the results of a questionnaire survey carried out during the spring of 2000. The results are based on the answers provided by a total of 99 respondents. Among other results the survey revealed that more than half of the responding companies have a formally documented strategy for product development work. Regarding disciplinary competencies, it is shown that design engineers
Although extensively studied (and of large importance for food processing) there is still no general consensus on the time-dependent convective heat transfer coefficient (h) in immersion frying – reported values differ by orders of magnitude (4–7000 W m−2 K−1). Moreover, none of the many methods suggested have become a generally agreed upon standard. This study uses the general uncertainty managem
The digitalisation of courtrooms brings both opportunities and challenges to the judicial process, shaping our understandings of trials and their participants in a myriad of, at times, unexpected ways, and transforming how we participate in, attend, engage with, and consume trials. While digital tools offer potential benefits, they can also impact core aspects of judicial integrity, such as the co
BACKGROUND: Obesity, assessed by body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for 13 cancers. We aimed to identify further potential obesity-related cancers and to quantify their association with BMI relative to that of established obesity-related cancers.METHODS: Using Cox regression models on 4,142,349 individuals in Sweden (mean age 27.1 years at weight measurement), we calculated hazar
Differential equations are an important building block for modeling processes in physics, biology, and social sciences. Usually, their exact solution is not known explicitly though. Therefore, numerical schemes to approximate the solution are of great importance. In this thesis, we consider the temporal approximation of nonlinear, nonautonomous evolution equations on a finite time horizon. We pres
Brevmall JUD B26/JUD D26 Litteraturlista Humaniora och teo log i Centrum fö r teo log i och re l ig ionsvetenskap Litteraturlista för JUD B26/JUD D26 Judaistik: Judisk humor och kulturell identitet, 7,5 hp, VT 2014 fastställd av institutionsstyrelsen 2013-11-20 Monografier och samlingsvolymer The Big Book of Jewish Humor (1990 eller senare). Willaim Novak och Moshe Waldoks (red.). New York: Harper
https://www.ctr.lu.se/media/utbildning/dokument/kurser/JUDD26/20141/JUD_B26_D26_Litteratur.pdf - 2026-07-21
This thesis examines North Korean migrants’ agency over the objective constraints caused by their categorization as ‘defectors’. By analyzing the direct accounts of three North Korean artists residing in South Korea, this thesis explores the mechanisms they employ to develop their artistic career in a context where their identity is labelled. Current literature on North Korean migrants’ social ada
Instagram as a platform of content created by its users presents a plethora of possibilities regarding cooking in all its forms. Vegetarian cooking in particular is a reoccurring aspect of this particular body of content on Instagram. Japan as a food culture has garnered a certain infamy among non-native vegetarian tourists for being unaccommodating for their food preferences. As such, how the cou
Den 19 februari 2026 presenterade 2025 års förverkandeutredning (Förverkandeutredningen) sitt betänkande. Förverkandeutredningen fick sitt uppdrag av regeringen bland annat till följd av utveckling på unionsnivå. Förslagen är också en del av en större och längre trend som handlar om att fokusera på de ekonomiska drivkrafterna bakom den organiserade och ekonomiska brottsligheten. Bland förslagen iOn 19 February 2026, the 2025 Confiscation Inquiry (the Confiscation In-quiry) presented its report. The Confiscation Inquiry was commissioned by the Government partly due to developments at the EU level. The proposals in the report are also part of a broader and longer-term trend towards targeting the economic drivers behind organised and economic crime. Among the proposals in the report is one
India's buildings sector accounts for 41% of national electricity consumption, yet studies incorporating calibrated whole-building energy simulation with thermal comfort evaluation of manufacturing facilities to reduce the industry’s electricity consumption remain scarce, leaving designers without evidence to prioritise passive strategies for this building typology. This study characterises th
Constitutions are seen as a vital part of societies, defining rights and freedoms, and acting as the most vital legal document of a state. Democratisation in post-soviet states has been varied, with Russia failing to democratize after the fall of the Soviet Union. Freedom of association is an important part of democracy, and therefore this paper aims to examine whether the formulation of the Russi
