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Background: Computed tomography (CT) lung densitometry has been demonstrated to be the most sensitive and specific outcome measure for the assessment of emphysema-modifying therapy, but the optimum densitometric index has yet to be determined and targeted sampling may be more sensitive than whole lung assessment. The EXAcerbations and CT scan as Lung Endpoints (EXACTLE) trial aimed to clarify the

Background: Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is frequently described in terms of input- throughput and output. In order to reduce ED input, a concept called primary triage has been introduced in several Swedish EDs. In short, primary triage means that a nurse separately evaluates patients who present in the Emergency Department (ED) and either refers them to primary care or discharges them h

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the performance-based visual ability among independently living elderly subjects and to investigate whether there was any association between visual ability and falls. Subjects and methods: A total of 298 randomly selected subjects aged 70-85 years were invited for an examination including monocular and binocular visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity

Since the creation of the Marxian alienation theory, the development of the productive labour and new philosophical insights has made this theory obsolete. In this paper, a concept of alienation, free from essentialism and historicism, will be proposed. This alienation theory starts from the most fundamental source of knowledge to the human existence: our sensuous experience of the material world.

In a recent paper,(1) we investigated how the interaction between two adsorbing surfaces in a polymer solution responds to changes of the intrinsic stiffness of the polymer chains. We demonstrated that as the chain rigidity is increased, starting from the fully flexible limit, a free energy barrier develops. In this work, we shall continue our studies of semiflexible polymers but focus on the othe

The construction sector has been criticised in recent years for being inefficient. The critique involved describes finished buildings as having flaws and there being a lack of interest within the construction sector in assembling knowledge and sharing experience. The construction industry has started working with questions of how efficiency can be increased by reducing the errors made. Knowledge

Current market trends for industrial automation are the need for customizable production, shorter time to market, and powerful global competitive pressure. Based on these trends two challenges have been identified: 1) flexible production systems and 2) integration and utilization of devices and software. Applications from both process automation, manufacturing, and robotics have been considered.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a fairly new concept that acknowledges the social and environmental responsibility of Multinational Corporations (MNCs). This thesis sets out to investigate the incentives for Multinational Corporations to engage in CSR and, if they choose to do so, what effects such an engagement has on development in the host country of investments. The study focuses on d

Taking in to consideration the countless human rights violations and impunity in Africa, there is not a shred of doubt about the dire need for effective human rights protection mechanisms at continental level. This concern has mainly increased due to the Africa Commission’s poor track record of enforcement of human rights norms in the region. Hence, it is in the effort to cure the ills suffered by

BACKGROUND: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, or long COVID, include diverse symptoms and remain a major concern worldwide. This study investigates the occurrence of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and headache 1 year prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2019), 12 months prior to, and 6 months after long COVID diagnosis in individuals diagnosed with long COVID and matched population-based cont

This introductory chapter provides an overview of seaweed biorefinery opportunities, providing basis for multiple value chains, contributing to nutrition and health of a growing global population, to local job generation and development, to ecosystem services, and not the least to climate change mitigation and adaptation. A unique and rich diversity of the seaweed components provides the basis for

This work presents a data-driven method for learning low-dimensional time-dependent physics-based surrogate models whose predictions are endowed with uncertainty estimates. We use the operator inference approach to model reduction that poses the problem of learning low-dimensional model terms as a regression of state space data and corresponding time derivatives by minimizing the residual of reduc

Nanochains (NCs) made up of a one-dimensional arrangement of magnetic anoparticles (NPs) exhibit anisotropic properties with potential for various applications. Herein, using a novel self-assembly method we directly integrate single NCs onto desired substrates including devices. We present a nanoscopic analysis of magnetization reversal in 1D linear NP arrays by combining x-ray microscopy, magnet

Drought is a climate risk that affects access to safe water, crop development, ecological stability, and food production. Therefore, developing drought prediction methods can lead to better management of surface and groundwater resources. Similarly, machine learning can be used to find improved relationships between nonlinear variables in complex systems. Initially, the standardized precipitation

Similar to systematic reviews (SRs) in clinical fields, preclinical SRs address a specific research area, furnishing information on current knowledge, possible gaps, and potential methodological flaws of study design, conduct, and report. One of the main goals of preclinical SRs is to identify aspiring treatment strategies and evaluate if currently available data is solid enough to translate to cl

This report is the result of a Master Thesis project in Mechanical Engineering with Industrial Design at the Faculty of Engineering LTH at Lund University. The project was conducted in collaboration with ArjoHuntleigh AB, a company based in Malmö, Sweden. ArjoHuntleigh develops integrated healthcare solutions for people with low mobility and thereto related problems. The report describes the deve

The choice of society – who is to vote? Opportunities to participation in the general elections for people with intellectual disabilities related to the Swedish national objective of an accessible society for all citizens The aim of this study is twofold; first to examine how Swedish government authorities and other relevant actors in the society regard the accessibility of general elections for

Popular Abstract in Swedish I många utvecklingsländer i tropiska klimat leder den snabba urbaniseringen till många problem, bl a försämrad termisk komfort i utemiljön. Detta har negativa följder för människors hälsa och välbefinnande och påverkar sociala och kommersiella aktiviteter utomhus negativt. Följaktligen är det mycket viktigt att åstadkomma komfortabla mikroklimat i urban miljö. Den huvuIn many developing tropical countries, rapid urban growth leads to several problems, including increased thermal stress. This has negative consequences for people's health and well-being, and affects social and commercial outdoor activities negatively. Consequently, the creation of thermally comfortable microclimates in urban environments is highly important. The main aim of this thesis is to dee