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Background: Recent work suggests that gene duplications may play an important role in the evolution of immunity genes. Passerine birds, and in particular Sylvioidea warblers, have highly duplicated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, which are key in immunity, compared to other vertebrates. However, reasons for this high MHC gene copy number are yet unclear. High-throughput sequencing (H

High-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an established cause of malignant disease. We used a societal perspective to estimate the cost of HR HPV-related cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, and penile precancer and cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer in Sweden in 2006, 1 year before HPV vaccination became available in the country. Materials and methods This prevalence-based cost-of-illness

This thesis describes experiments involving laser-plasma-based acceleration of electrons and protons, using the techniques of laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA). By using extremely high accelerating field strengths, up to the order of TV m-1, it is possible to reach high kinetic particle energies over very short distances.The multi-terawatt laser syste

Inom fysik försöker vi beskriva naturfenomen med matematiska modeller. Beroende på vilket system som ska beskrivas är olika modeller relevanta. På väldigt långa avstånd är gravitation den viktigaste kraften. Till exempel så beskrivs solsystemets dynamik av gravitation. På de kortaste avstånd som människan lyckats studera är det istället den elektromagnetiska, den svaga och den starka kraften som äIn this thesis we use effective field thory methods and models for low energy QCD in two different contexts. One is direct calculation of contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, muon g-2. The other is estimates of systematic sources of uncertainty in lattice QCD simulations. The work is presented in five papers. Papers II, IV and V describe calculations for muon g-2 and papers

För att skapa matematiska beskrivningar av fysiska fenomen inom bland annat naturvetenskap, teknik och medicin används ofta partiella differentialekvationer. Listan med tillämpningar kan göras hur lång som helst: sådana ekvationer kan beskriva hur en snöflinga bildas, hur strukturer deformeras när de utsätts för mekaniska krafter, hur partiklar interagerar på kvantnivå, hur blodet flödar i hjärnanSplitting methods are widely used temporal approximation schemes for parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). These schemes may be very efficient when a problem can be naturally decomposed into multiple parts. In this thesis, splitting methods are analysed when applied to spatial splittings (partitions of the computational domain) and physical splittings (separations of physical processes)

Small angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron scattering techniques were combined to study mixed complexes formed between micelles of the nonionic amphiphilic PEO-PPO-PEO copolymer (P123) and the anionic bile salt (NaGDC) in aqueous solution. The purpose was to investigate the structural parameters of the charged complexes, such as size and internal structure, as well as their interparticle interactions in

Background: Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy, a novel tissue-preserving treatment for low-risk prostate cancer, has shown favourable safety and efficacy results in single-arm phase 1 and 2 studies. We compared this treatment with the standard of care, active surveillance, in men with low-risk prostate cancer in a phase 3 trial. Methods: This randomised controlled trial was done in 47 Europea

Background: Falls and fear of falling (FOF) are common in persons with late effects of polio, but there is limited knowledge of associated factors. Objective: To determine how knee muscle strength, dynamic balance, and gait performance (adjusted for gender, age, and body mass index) are associated with falls and FOF in persons with late effects of polio. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: A

This work has focused on studying the in-cylinder pressure fluctuations caused by rapid HCCI combustion and determine what they consist of. Inhomogeneous autoignition sets up pressure waves traversing the combustion chamber. These pressure waves induce high gas velocities which causes increased heat transfer to the walls or in worst case engine damage. In order to study the pressure fluctuations a

Examensarbetes titel: Övertidsmonstret dementerar: lev som du lär - En kvalitativ studie om förväntningars påverkan på ledarrollens självbild och Work Life Balance Seminariedatum: 11 januari 2023 Ämne/kurs: FEKH49 - Examensarbete i organisation på kandidatnivå, 15 högskolepoäng Författare: Tilde Detterholm & Jessica Lundqvist Handledare: Olof Hallonsten Fem nyckelord: Ledare, självbild, förvänTitle: The Overtime Monster Refutes: Live As You Learn - A qualitative study on the impact of expectations on leaders' self-image and Work Life Balance. Seminar date: January 11th, 2024 Course: FEKH49 - Degree Project Undergraduate level, Business Administration, Undergraduate level, 15 UPC Authors: Tilde Detterholm & Jessica Lundqvist Supervisor: Olof Hallonsten Keywords: Leader, self ima

Introduction: This study evaluated lipid identification using mass spectrometry. Background: Three main modes of acquisition are used in mass spectrometry of lipids; data-independent acquisition (DIA), data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and targeted acquisition. DIA is the most including one, yielding a complete but complex data set, while targeted is the least including one, basing acquisition on

While the popularity of cryptocurrencies has seen a dramatic uptick as of late, the general phenomenon still carries with it a high level of novelty. The inception of cryptocurrencies began with Bitcoin in late 2008, making its first appearance on a cryptographic community forum, posted by a yet to be identified entity carrying the pseudonym Satoshi Nakomoto. The phenomenon has since grown tremend

The present thesis, adopting the ecology of language as its conceptual orientation as well as employing linguistic landscape as its methodological tool to collect and analyze data, firstly aims at investigating (1) how the four official languages of Singapore namely Malay, (Mandarin) Chinese, Tamil, and English have been deployed on signs by three different social actors, i.e., the Singaporean gov

Clusters are particles which consist of a finite number (2 − 10 ^6−7 ) of atoms/molecules. For the work presented in this thesis free clusters have been produced in order to study their properties, free of interfering substrates, using photoelectron spectroscopy at the MAX-lab synchrotron facility in Lund, Sweden. The clusters were produced using a magnetron-based sputtering source and are conside

Background & purpose Emulsions are droplets of one immiscible fluid that is encircled by another immiscible fluid, the formation of an emulsion requires energy applied to a certain volume, two immiscible fluids and an emulsifying agent. The excess of energy comes from high shear forces from the mixing blades which rotate at high speed. It is desired to know what fluid dynamics, in terms turbul

Until rather recently, safety from a traffic perspective has almost exclusively been described by accident statistic which in itself does not reveal the true safety issues. For this reason the use of traffic safety indicators has become more frequently used as a complement to describe the traffic safety situation. This thesis treats the behavioral differences of Norwegian and Danish cyclists from

Since the Chinese economy’s reform in 1980, it has been attracting enormous foreign investments. Many Swedish firms from different sectors such as technology, manufactory production, consumer, service industries and so on, had started their investments in China. China has become the first choice for global manufacturing due to the huge market, continuous economic growth, stable political situation

Car sharing as an idea challenges the prevailing mobility regime in the global north that has been built around private vehicle ownership. Well established regimes such as this, over time generate norms and collect actors that become dependent on the private car as the dominant form of mobility. These norms and actors, whose very existence is at times contingent on upholding the current socio-tech