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Popular Abstract in Swedish I världen beräknas det finnas cirka 38 miljoner blinda människor enligt Värdshälsoorganisationen (WHO). Av dessa är 1,5 miljon barn under 16 år. Blindhet definieras av WHO som bästa korrigerade synskärpa under 0,05 (man klarar således inte att läsa översta raden på en vanlig synprövningstavla på halva normalavståndet), detta med bästa glasögonkorrektion och med båda ögoKnowledge of the epidemiology of visual impairment in children forms one of the cornerstones in paediatric ophthalmology. To gain an overview of the situation in Sweden an epidemiological study was performed. Totally 2373 visually impaired children were found, giving an age-specific prevalence of 10,9/10 000. Childhood blindness (i.e. vision <0,05) was seen in 25%. Male/female ratio was 1,20. Addi

Today we use products to shape our identity, by communicating to others who we are and what we want to be. Using products for communication of identity seems especially important for young adults. Persons with disabilities live with double identities. Sometimes it is important to be a person with a disability (e.g., someone in contact with health care and other welfare systems in society), while a

Popular Abstract in English Plant diseases are directly associated with food security because they result in severe reduction of plant yield and thus they add to the scarcity of foods in the world, which can lead to negative repercussions on humankind. Late blight disease that severely hit Ireland in 1840s, which was caused by Phytophthora infestans and is mentioned in the historical records as thAbstract The oomycete Phytophthora infestans, which causes the devastating late blight disease of potato, is notorious for developing resistance to conventional control strategies (fungicide application and resistance breeding by introgression of R gene). To increase our tool box of disease management strategies available to combat P. infestans, there is a need to explore several new approaches th

Popular Abstract in Swedish Forskningspolitiken har i allt högre utsträckning kommit att kopplas till närings- och innovationspolitiken. Ett exempel är den strategiska forskningspolitik som växte fram i början av 1990-talet, där ett antal forskningsstiftelser med nya mål och modeller för finansiering tillkom. I denna studie diskuteras implikationerna av dessa förvaltnings- och forskningspolitiska Research policy is increasingly linked to social needs and to some extent integrated with industrial and innovation policy. The strategic research policy that emerged in Sweden in the early 1990's resulted in the establishment of a new kind of research funding both in form and direction: strategic research foundations. The purpose of one of these foundations, the Knowledge Foundation (Stiftelsen f

Background and aims: Caregivers of Parkinson's disease patients are vulnerable to detrimental factors related to caregiving because of the progressive course of the disease. Studies of care-givers of these patients are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the caregiver burden in Parkinson's disease by analyzing caregiver and patient-related factors. Methods: Every 3(rd) patient with Parkin

Background: Smoking is an important preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and many other diseases. Even though tobacco consumption is declining in Sweden, it is not declining in all groups. This study explored socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances hindering or facilitating smoking cessation in three birth cohorts of women from the general population. Methods: Between 1

Popular AbstractI denna studie står de brottslingar som befolkar amerikanska polis- och deckarserier i fokus. Två huvudgrupper urskiljs: De som begår brott på grund av de omständigheter de befinner sig i och de där brottsligheten framställs som en inre egenskap. I de olika avsnitten skildras hur de senare fördöms och exkluderas från den samhälleliga gemenskapen medan de förra förlåts för sin brottIn this study, American police- and detective-series are analysed. I focus on the portrayal of the criminals, especially the moral aspect. The series can be regarded as moral tales. The morality is embedded in the characters that populate the different episodes. There are two major categories of criminals in the series; the essentialized criminals and the ones that commit crimes due to circumstanc

The use of snus (also referred to as Scandinavian or Swedish moist smokeless tobacco), which is common in Sweden and increasing elsewhere, is receiving increasing attention since considered a tobacco smoke "potential reduction exposure product". Snus delivers a high dose of nicotine with possible hemodynamic effects, but its impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is uncertain. The aim of

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found insomnia and long sleep duration to be independently associated with subsequent disability pension (DP). However, the issue of a possible gender-based pattern in this context has received little attention. PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the impact of insomnia symptoms and sleep duration on the DP rates among Swedish women and men during a 12-year follow-

Aims: To examine whether the socio-economic determinants of alcohol use found in high-income university student settings are also true of Uganda. Design: Two cross-sectional surveys, conducted in 2005 and 2010, combined into a single dataset. Setting: Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) in southwestern Uganda. Participants: 2,934 students (N in 2005 = 980; N in 2010 = 1,954). To

AIMS: The aims of this study were two-fold: to develop the concept analysis by Allvin et al. from lung recipients' perspective of their post-transplant recovery process and to identify the recovery trajectories including critical junctions in the post-transplant recovery process after lung transplantation.BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation is an established treatment for patients with end-stage lung

To meet the needs of an increasing, heterogeneous, ageing population it is imperative to understand links between home and health. In Latvia, only limited research targeting the health and home situation of very old people is available. Consequently, the aim of this study was to describe how the home environment and aspects of health have changed over nine years between 2002 and 2011 for very old

Pricing carbon is often considered to be the cornerstone of any climate policy and, at least in economic theory, it is the only policy intervention required to reach an optimal level of mitigation. In practice, various market and behavioural failures, as well as political barriers, necessitate a policy mix that also encompasses policies to induce energy efficiency and stimulate the up-take of rene

One of the main drivers of China’s e-commerce boom is the dramatic expansion of the country’s Internet finance industry, which has grown and diversified at a staggering rate over the past decade. The emergence of Chinese Internet finance has been discussed in largely positive terms as facilitating commercial activity. It has also been linked to the wider developmental goal of promoting financial i

The recording and verbatim transcription of interviews is often considered to be one of the more tedious but necessary aspects of the in-depth qualitative research process. While transcription is undoubtedly a necessary methodological tool for researchers focusing specifically on discourse and language, it has also been widely adopted by researchers across the social sciences, and is sometimes adv

Objective. The aim was to assess work-loss days before and after commencement of anti-TNF treatment in patients with non-radiographic axial spondylarthritis (nr-axSpA). Methods. Bionaïve nr-axSpA patients (n = 75), aged 17-62 years, fulfilling the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria for axial spondyloarthritis and starting anti-TNF treatment during 2004-11, were retrieve

Objective: The risk of certain psychiatric disorders is elevated among immigrants. To date, no population studies on immigrant health have addressed eating disorders. We examined whether risk of eating disorders in first- and second-generation immigrants differs from native-born Danes and Swedes. Method: All individuals born 1984–2002 (Danish cohort) and 1989–1999 (Swedish cohort) and residing in

Background: Cholera as an endemic disease remains a health issue in Iran despite decrease in incidence. Since forecasting epidemic diseases provides appropriate preventive actions in disease spread, different forecasting methods including artificial neural networks have been developed to study parameters involved in incidence and spread of epidemic diseases such as cholera.Objectives: In this stud

Differential migration by sex, where one sex migrates further than the other, occurs in many bird species. How this pattern evolves is however little understood. The first aim of this study was to investigate the extent of differential migration in the common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, breeding in southeast Sweden, and test three main hypotheses (the social dominance, body size and arriva

Nature-based adaptation planning is a challenging endeavor, not least because it requires transdisciplinary approaches to unite different actors' efforts and capacities. However, empirical knowledge on associated governance processes is scarce and fragmented. Against this background, this paper examines the integration of nature-based approaches for climate change adaptation into municipalities’ d