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From the early 1990s and onwards the use of debt relief as a method of providing development assistance has become increasingly popular, especially since the launch of the HIPC initiative in 1996. This thesis aims to investigate the general theoretical and empirical support of the growth enhancing properties of debt relief with regard to low income countries. Focus is put on evaluating the harmful
The thesis is concerning the VAT treatment of small undertakings in the EU. Both analytic and descriptive writing methods are used to achieve its aim. VAT requires higher compliance costs compared with other taxes. However, the fact that the compliance burden of VAT is highly regressive as size decreases necessitates the special treatment SMEs. In line with this, the current VAT Directive also ex
This master thesis project serves to investigate the possibilities of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) using the example of enthalpy control of the BENSON HRSG (heat recovery steam generator) of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP). The general idea of NMPC is to solve an optimization problem, to nd the next control action, and this optimization problem is based on a model of the system. T
Differences in technological traditions we find between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans has long been debated. It is important to discuss whether the differences in the handling of flint and other raw materials between the two populations . The use of raw materials are obviously directly related to the production of tools used to acquire food . Besides the quality of the material, also
Recent years have seen an explosion in innovative and sustainable mobility service offerings, especially car sharing and bike sharing. The latter contribute to sustainability by reducing individual car ownership, which has negative social, economic and especially environmental consequences. Yet, both industrial and academic discourses point out that no single mobility service is enough to meet the
Since IFRS is a principle-based system of norms, there is room for interpretation. This can lead to smoothing of the company’s net profit, based on the management's subjective choice. A correlation can exist, that the scope for interpretation may lead to the manipulation of the net profit. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether listed Swedish firms use earnings management in the f
Enligt nyligen publicerade vetenskapliga rapporter blir planeten varmare i en takt aldrig tidigare skådad. Om inte utsläppen av växthusgaser minskas kraftigt så kommer temperaturmålet på 1,5 °C som fastställdes i Parisavtalet att överskridas. Även om alla påverkas av klimatförändringar på ett eller annat sätt så är barn särskilt sårbara för effekterna. Unga generationer idag kommer också att få taAccording to recently published scientific reports, the planet is getting warmer at an unprecedented rate. The temperature goal of 1,5°C set in the Paris Agreement will be exceeded unless deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are made. While everyone feels the effects of climate change, children are particularly vulnerable to them and will also be left with the impacts for a longer time. Con
Today heritage is considered to be an important resource for society and a valuable asset for sustainable development. This notion is true from international to local/regional level. This thesis investigates the current heritage discourse in the European Union (EU) and provides a qualitative assessment of the values and potential impacts of the two case studies, conducted in the proceedings of thi
This thesis analyzes blood diamonds and the human rights issues surrounding them. The problems they pose and the promises and limitations of the Kimberly Process are covered along with the development and future impact of man-made diamonds on the demand side of the blood diamond problem. There are two main sections--the first covers blood diamonds and the second man-made diamonds. The introduction
Popular science General introduction Two main activities take place into forests: photosynthesis, or GPP (the uptake of CO2 by plants, which leads to their growth) and respiration (the release of CO2 by those plants). The Net Ecosystem Exchange NEE is the difference between photosynthesis and respiration, and it depends on the nature of the forests and on climate particularities. With the ongoing This study shows how six different European forests react during the summer to abnormally warm temperatures, from 1996 to 2006. With the forecasted increase of summer temperatures over Europe, the carbon balance of forests – photosynthesis (GPP), ecosystem respiration and Net Ecosystem Exchange - in likely to change. In this thesis, the photosynthesis and the respiration of six European forests w
The thesis attempts to assess the role of the OECD Commentaries in tax treaty interpretation process concluded between Non-OECD and OECD states. In order to reach the goal of the thesis the thesis discusses the legal status of the OECD Commentaries under public international law, in particular the interrelation of the Commentaries with the Articles of 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention. The thesis
The main goal of this thesis is to determine to what degree can there be observed indications for an overvaluation of Internet companies, which in turn may lead to the next asset price bubble in the Internet industry. By conducting an ex-ante analysis, the current study sets out to add additional knowledge in regards to whether and how well the emergence of a bubble can be determined in advance. T
Background: Social participation and the ability to build and maintain social relationships is emphasized as important for older people’s health and well-being. Aim: To explore if social participation is addressed and whether age, gender and level of functioning are associated with the composition of occupational therapy interventions within the context of reablement. Method: In this cross-section
Purpose: To analyse and compare the number and interval of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), as well as the visual development in patients followed up for one to three years in clinical practice and during different index periods. Methods: This observational study included treatment-naïve eyes with nAMD from the S
PURPOSE: We performed an exploratory analysis of prostate cancer-related pain and fatigue on health-related quality of life in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer receiving apalutamide (240 mg/day) or placebo, with continuous androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), in the phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled TITAN trial (NCT02489318). MATERIALS AND METHODS: P
A chemiluminescent microformat enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) has been optimized for the simultaneous determination of multiple 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) samples. The competitive immunoassay employed a 2,4-D-BSA conjugate, anti-2,4-D monoclonal antibodies and alkaline phosphatase (AP) labelled anti-mouse IgG. The bound AP conjugate was determined by quantitating the chemil
Background: Concern has been raised that the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent social distancing measures may increase neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia. Thus, we developed and delivered an e-learning training course to professional caregivers on using a web-based tool for psychosocial interventions for people with dementia. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasib
Background: Uncomplicated cystitis is one of the most common reasons for antibiotic treatment in otherwise healthy women. Nationwide studies on antibiotic treatment for this infection and in relation to factors beyond the infection itself have hitherto not been available. Methods: This was a nationwide open cohort study consisting of 352,507 women aged 15–50 years with uncomplicated cystitis (2006
