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Aims/hypothesis: Low birthweight is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Most previous studies are based on cross-sectional prevalence data, not designed to study the timing of onset of type 2 diabetes in relation to birthweight. We aimed to examine associations of birthweight with age-specific incidence rate of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged to older adults over two decades. Methods: Adults aged 30
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore elite Para athletes' and coaches' perceptions of experiences of athlete health monitoring.Materials and MethodsThis study used a qualitative design, applying a phenomenographical approach. Thirteen athletes and six coaches from two different socioeconomic contexts (the Swedish and South African Paralympic programs) participated. Data were collected th
Context. Ultra-short-period (USP) planets are defined as planets with orbital periods shorter than one day. This type of planets is rare, highly irradiated, and interesting because their formation history is unknown. Aims. We aim to obtain precise mass and radius measurements to confirm the planetary nature of a USP candidate found by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). These pa
Background The World Health Organisation (WHO) 2013 diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been criticised due to the limited evidence of benefits on pregnancy outcomes in different populations when switching from previously higher glycemic thresholds to the lower WHO-2013 diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was to determine whether the switch from previous Swedish
Introduction: A subgroup of severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients, known as ultra-severe (us-TBI), is most commonly defined as a post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 3–5. There is uncertainty on whether these critically injured patients can benefit from neurosurgical intervention. Research question: The available evidence regarding the decision-making and outcome following managem
Background: Real-world data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) are scarce and few studies have analysed the generic HRQoL. Objectives: To assess HRQoL using the generic EQ-5D instrument and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) instrument in PPP compared to plaque psoriasis. Methods: Cross-sectional data from PsoReg, the Swedish National Registry for Sys
BACKGROUND: Transportation noise has been linked with cardiometabolic outcomes, yet whether it is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) remains inconclusive. We aimed to assess whether transportation noise was associated with AF in a large, pooled Nordic cohort.METHODS: We pooled data from 11 Nordic cohorts, totaling 161,115 participants. Based on address history from five years before baseli
Automated cryptanalysis has seen a lot of attraction and success in the past decade, leading to new distinguishers or key-recovery attacks against various ciphers. We argue that the improved efficiency and usability of these new tools have been undervalued, especially for design processes. In this article, we break for the first time the classical iterative design paradigm for symmetric-key primit
Introduction and objectives: This study aimed to describe the cardiovascular risk profile of working young adults from Spain and its association with lifestyle. Methods: Participants (18-30 years) were recruited from a nationwide cohort of economically active adults insured by a large occupational risk prevention company, with data obtained from routine medical assessments. The participants were c
Background: Increased pulmonary blood volume (PBV) is a measure of congestion and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. PBV can be quantified using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging as the product of cardiac output and pulmonary transit time (PTT), the latter measured from the contrast time-intensity curves in the right and left side of the heart from first-p
OBJECTIVES: To identify variables associated with longitudinal change in meniscal extrusion, which might be used as possible targets for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) prevention. METHODS: In a high-risk population of middle-aged overweight women, meniscal extrusion was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T, coronal proton density, in-plane resolution 0.5 mm2, Sante DICOM Editor) at baseline
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stroke genetic research has made substantial progress in the past decade. Its recovery application, however, remains behind, in part due to its reliance on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score as a measure of poststroke outcome. The mRS does not map well to biological processes because numerous psychosocial factors drive much of what the mRS captures. Second, the mRS co
A key element for successful blood transfusion is compatibility of the patient and donor red blood cell (RBC) antigens. Precise antigen matching reduces the risk for immunization and other adverse transfusion outcomes. RBC antigens are encoded by specific genes, which allows developing computational methods for determining antigens from genomic data. We describe here a classification method for de
Process-based forest models combine biological, physical, and chemical process understanding to simulate forest dynamics as an emergent property of the system. As such, they are valuable tools to investigate the effects of climate change on forest ecosystems. Specifically, they allow testing of hypotheses regarding long-term ecosystem dynamics and provide means to assess the impacts of climate sce
Background: Despite advance in care of people with an ostomy, related complications remain prevalent. The objective of this study was to examine short- and long-term healthcare resource utilization and associated costs after ostomy creation. Methods: This observational study was based on retrospectively collected data from national and regional Swedish registries. The population consisted of peopl
BACKGROUND: GH therapy in adult patients with GH deficiency (GHD) was approved over 10 yr ago, and the indication has subsequently gained broad acceptance. The HypoCCS surveillance database is a suitable means to examine the evolution of diagnostic patterns since 1996.METHODS: Baseline demographics, reported cause of GHD, and diagnostic tests were available from 5893 GH-treated patients. Trends fo
Aim: Acyl ghrelin increases cardiac output (CO) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This could impair the right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling (RVPAC), both through an increased venous return and right ventricular afterload. We aim to investigate if acyl ghrelin increases CO with or without worsening the right-sided haemodynamics in HFrEF assessed by RVPAC. Methods an
PURPOSE Effective treatments are needed for melanoma that progresses on inhibitors of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1). We conducted the phase II LEAP-004 study to evaluate the combination of the multikinase inhibitor lenvatinib and the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in this population (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03776136).METHODSEligible patients with unresectable
Health systems need to continue functioning and providing essential health services, even when they experience challenges that threaten their ability to do so. Resilience describes the ability for health systems to manage change when they are shocked, so that essential functions are maintained. The capacity to change ranges from absorbing the shock using existing resources to fundamentally reorgan
