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As their most critical limitation, neighborhood and health studies published to date have not taken into account nonresidential activity places where individuals travel in their daily lives. However, identifying low-mobility populations residing in low-resource environments, assessing cumulative environmental exposures over multiple activity places, and identifying specific activity locations for
Osteoporosis and low bone strength in older people may be due to low bone mass accrual or elevated age-related loss of bone mass. The mechanisms underlying loss of bone mass have long been subjected to research. However, research has only started in the last decade to focus on strategies to increase bone mass:the current opinion is that childhood and adolescence are critical periods for building u
New and innovative production equipment can be developed by introducing lightweight materials in modern day automotive industry production lines. The properties of these new materials are expected to result in improved ergonomics, energy savings, increased flexibility and more robust equipment, which in the end will result in enhanced productivity. Carbon composite materials are one such alternati
The objective of this study was to assess erysipelas incidence before and after liposuction treatment for patients suffering from post-mastectomy lymphedema. A prospective cohort study of 130 patients at Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden with postmastectomy arm lymphedema, who had poor outcomes from prior conservative treatment and clinical signs of subcutaneous adipose tissue hypertrophy
Background: Arm lymphedema after breast cancer surgery affects women both from physical and psychological points of view. Lymphedema leads to adipose tissue deposition. Liposuction and controlled compression therapy (CCT) reduces the lymphedema completely. Methods and Results: Sixty female patients with arm lymphedema were followed for a 1-year period after surgery. The 36-item short-form health s
A short peripheral intravenous catheter or cannula (PIVC) is frequently used to deliver chemotherapy in oncology practice. Although safe and easy to insert, PIVCs do fail, leading to personal discomfort for patients and adding substantially to treatment costs. As the procedure of peripheral catheterization is invasive, there is a need for greater consistency in the choice, insertion and management
Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong, chronic disease, that generally has a sudden onset early in life, which changes the conditions for the affected child and the child’s family. The overall purpose of this thesis was to explore the socioeconomic consequences of childhood onset type 1 diabetes and through this investigate how an early life health shock can affect adult socioeconomic status. The four inc
Children and the transmission of religious identity to the next generation are matters of great concern in the Muslims European minorities. As a response to the challenge of cultural pluralism, a new brand of Islamic children’s literature has emerged. Based on examples of such literature, this paper argues that childhood discourse not only expresses heartfelt Muslim concerns. In the wake of migratChildren and the transmission of religious identity to the next generation are matters of great concern in the Muslims European minorities. As a response to the challenge of cultural pluralism, a new brand of Islamic children’s literature has emerged. Based on examples of such literature, this paper argues that childhood discourse not only expresses heartfelt Muslim concerns. In the wake of migrat
We propose a semianalytical formalism based on a time-domain resonant-mode-expansion theory to analyze the ultrafast temporal dynamics of optical nanoresonators. We compare the theoretical predictions with numerical data obtained with the FDTD method, which is commonly used to analyze experiments in the field. The comparison reveals that the present formalism (i) provides deeper physical insight o
Context Obesity in men is associated with low serum testosterone and both are associated with several diseases and increased mortality. Objectives Examine the direction and causality of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and serum testosterone. Design Bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis on prospective cohorts. Setting Five cohorts from Denmark, Germany and Sweden (Inte
Multilevel data occur frequently in health services, population and public health, and epidemiologic research. In such research, binary outcomes are common. Multilevel logistic regression models allow one to account for the clustering of subjects within clusters of higher-level units when estimating the effect of subject and cluster characteristics on subject outcomes. A search of the PubMed datab
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with a high risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. However, there is no consensus in the definition of high-risk women.AIM: To question current definition of high PE risk and propose a definition that considers individual heterogeneity to improves risk classification.METHODS: A stratified analysis by parity was conducted using the Swedish Birth Regis
Background: The activity-stat theory infers that total physical activity (PA) in children is constant, independent of environmental interventions. Methods: We conducted a 3-year prospective population-based controlled PA intervention study including, at baseline, 7- to 9-year-old children (66 boys, 40 girls in the intervention and 50 boys, 38 girls in the control group). PA was increased in the in
We present results from the anodization of single crystal Al(100) and Al(111) surfaces and the aluminum alloy AA 6063 studied in situ by X-ray reflectivity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We observe that the anodic oxide layer grows linearly with the anodization potential and that the thicknesses are similar for all samples. However, the thicknesses obtained from X-ray reflectivity are
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Little is known about whether prediagnostic nutritional factors may affect survival. We examined the associations of prediagnostic calcium intake from foods and/or supplements with lung cancer survival. Methods: The present analysis included 23,882 incident, primary lung cancer patients from 12 prospective cohort studies. Dietary calciu
Introduction: Severe obstetric complications increase with the number of previous cesarean deliveries. In the Nordic countries most women have two children. We present the risk of severe obstetric complications at the delivery following a first elective or emergency cesarean and the risk by intended mode of second delivery. Material and methods: A two-year population-based data collection of sever
Vitamin D insufficiency is common, correctable, and influenced by genetic factors, and it has been associated with risk of several diseases. We sought to identify low-frequency genetic variants that strongly increase the risk of vitamin D insufficiency and tested their effect on risk of multiple sclerosis, a disease influenced by low vitamin D concentrations. We used whole-genome sequencing data f
Previous research has not been conclusive regarding the association between selenium (Se) and breast cancer. This study was conducted to clarify if there is an association between prediagnostic serum Se levels and breast cancer risk. A population based cohort, the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, was used and linked with the Swedish cancer registry up to 31 December 2013. Our study included 1,186 wome
Background: The relationship between coffee consumption and mortality in diverse European populations with variable coffee preparation methods is unclear. Objective: To examine whether coffee consumption is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 10 European countries. Participants: 521 330 persons enrolled in EPIC (European Prospective In
