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A geyser elimination approach using recirculation methods is investigated in the present work, which is essential to guarantee the integrity of facilities. Both experimental and numerical methods are adopted in the investigation using LN2 as working fluids. A recirculation pipe is designed to eliminate geysers in a cryogenic vertical pipe. The performance of the recirculation method is comprehensi
The effect of surface strain on the passive film evolution of SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel exposed to ambient air and 0.1 M NaCl solution with varying anodic polarization at room temperature has been investigated using in-situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) in combination with electrochemical measurements. Surface strain affected the crystallinity of the passive film as such
We investigated the intrinsic reactivity of CO on single-layer and multilayer PdO(101) grown on Pd(100) using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) experiments, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We find that CO binds more strongly on multilayer than single-layer PdO(101) (∼119 kJ/mol vs 43 kJ/mol), and tha
This work aims to investigate pool boiling heat transfer enhancement by using nanostructured surfaces. Two types of nanostructured surfaces were employed, gold nanoparticle-coated surfaces and alumina nanoparticle-coated surfaces. The nanostructured surfaces were fabricated by an electrophoretic deposition technique, depositing nanoparticles in a nanofluid onto smooth copper surfaces under an elec
Saturated pool boiling heat transfer of water is investigated experimentally on copper surfaces with nanoparticle coatings at atmospheric pressure. The coatings are generated by an electrophoretic deposition method (EPD). Three modified surfaces are prepared with gold nanoparticles of 0.20 mg, 0.25 mg and 0.30 mg, respectively. During the d
In the design of boiler furnaces and gas turbine combustors it is desirable to enable prediction of the radiative heat transfer with high accuracy so that the heat loads on the walls can be properly estimated. In such applications commonly participating media like various gases and particles, e.g., soot, need to be taken into account. Then in addition to the common governing equations for conserva
A Dimple Jacket Heat Exchanger (DJHE) is designed for the Chemical Post-Processing Integrated Equipment (CPPIE) to enhance the heat transfer performance during chemical reaction, crystallization and drying processes. In this paper, a 3D model of a DJHE is established. Dynamic variation of temperature inside the DJHE is compared with experimental data to validate the accuracy of the numerical metho
The Cu-poor phases Cu(In,Ga)3Se5 and Cu(In,Ga)5Se8 play an important role both for understanding the Cu-(In,Ga)-Se material system and for growing high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells. Using extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, we have studied the element-specific short-range structure of Cu(In,Ga)Se2, Cu(In,Ga)3Se5, and Cu(In,Ga)5Se8 alloys spanning the entire comp
Electric coupling between subcells of a monolithically grown multijunction solar cell in short circuit allows their simultaneous and independent characterization by means of photo- and electro-reflectance. The photovoltage generated by selective absorption of the pump beam in a given subcell during photoreflectance measurements results in reverse biasing the complementary subunits at the modulatio
This study scrutinizes gender differences in adolescent problem behaviour and its potential determinants, simultaneously taking into account the individual and contextual level, including personality, family and country characteristics. Using the 2010 EU Kids Online Survey, we estimate multilevel models on 18,027 individuals from 24 European countries. In line with earlier research, we find that b
Boiling heat transfer intensification is of big relevance to energy conversion and conservation, materials and resources saving, and electronics cooling. This work aims to enhance saturated pool boiling of well-wetting liquids, i.e., acetone and HFE-7200 on nanoparticles-deposited surfaces by electrophoretic deposition and on microporous foam surfaces by electrochemical deposition. The electrophor
Although prior falls are a well-established predictor of future fracture, there is currently limited evidence regarding the specific value of falls history in fracture risk assessment relative to that of other clinical risk factors and bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. We therefore investigated, across the three Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study cohorts, whether past falls predicted
Fracture risk is determined by bone strength and the risk of falls. The relationship between serum sex steroids and bone strength parameters in men is well known, whereas the predictive value of sex steroids for falls is less studied. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between serum testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) and the likelihood of falls. Older men (aged ≥65 years) from t
Background: Limited data exist of tracking and changes in accelerometer-measured physical activity in children. Methods: Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 4 days in 167 children (boys, n = 90; girls n = 77) age 9.8 ± 0.6 years. Follow-up measurement was made 2.0 ± 0.1 yrs later (range 1.9-2.1 yrs). General physical activity (GPA) was defined as mean count/minute. Minutes of inac
Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been associated with various psychiatric disorders. MicroRNA-451a can directly target macrophage migration inhibitory factor and downregulate its expression in cells. However, the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and microRNA-451a in psychiatric patients treated with psychotherapeutic interventi
Objective Blood type A antigen on porcine aortic bioprostheses might initiate an immune reaction leading to an increased frequency of structural valve deterioration in patients with blood type B or O. The aim was to analyse the association between ABO blood type and porcine bioprosthetic aortic valve degeneration. Design Observational nationwide cohort study. Setting Swedish population-based study
Objectives To identify the genetic determinants of fracture risk and assess the role of 15 clinical risk factors on osteoporotic fracture risk. Design Meta-analysis of genome wide association studies (GWAS) and a two-sample mendelian randomisation approach. Setting 25 cohorts from Europe, United States, east Asia, and Australia with genome wide genotyping and fracture data. Participants A discover
