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The chapter studies the relationship between inequality and institutional change in the long-run. The key message is that societies change slowly and unpredictably because of path dependency of economic, political, and social institutions. Prevalent inequalities between different groups rooted in history may help to explain why change does not take place. This has implications for the results that

We present a low-delay vector predictive transform coder with quantization noise modeling. The coder uses overlapped transform coding and a Kalman filter with a backward estimated LPC model of the speech signal combined with an additive noise model of the quantization noise. The noise model is driven by the vector quantizer. Each quantizer cell has its own error correlation matrix, which is kept i

This study is based mainly on observations and interviews accomplished on two occasions with nursing assistants employed at two group living units for older people suffering from dementia in Sweden. The interviews and observations were carried out one year apart, before and after a project that also included supervision of managers and nursing assistants. I interviewed 12 nursing assistants, 8 of

In this paper we outline a method for systematically addressing needs assessment (QUALISEM-PEOPLE), alongside a case study of its use within a medium sized, German company. The method was designed in order to provide guidance in analysing skill and role competences, particularly when e-learning systems are being considered for training purposes. The method proved to be successful within the compan

Using the Implicit Association Test, we investigate whether employers and students possess implicit and explicit negative attitudes and implicit perform-ance stereotypes toward Arab-Muslim men relative to native Swedish men. We also examine if employers and students have implicit and explicit performance stereotypes toward obese individuals relative to people of normal weight. The results demonstr

The topic of the thesis is codesign of flexible real-time control systems. Integrating control theory and real-time scheduling theory, it is possible to achieve higher resource utilization and better control performance. The integration requires new tools for analysis, design, and implementation. The problem of scheduling the individual parts of a control algorithm is studied. It is shown how sub

Solitary bees and bumblebees have declined substantially throughout western Europe during the last 100 years. Many species are important pollinators and are associated with particular plant species and habitats. In this study we report the highest number of bee species found at one locality in Sweden (Table 2). In total 87 species of wild bees (74 species of solitary bees and 13 species of bumble

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen behandlar reglering av Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) motor dynamik. HCCI erbjuder möjligheten att kombinera hög effektivitet med väldigt låga emissioner. Återkopplad reglering är ett sätt att uppnå dessa mål. Avhandlingen diskuterar sensorer, återkopplingsvariabler och aktuatorer för sluten-loop reglering av HCCI förbränningen. Det är demoThe topic of the thesis is control of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine dynamics. HCCI offers a potential to combine high efficiency with very low emissions. In order to fulfill the potential benefits, closed-loop control is needed. The thesis discusses sensors, feedback signals and actuators for closed-loop control of the HCCI combustion. Closed-loop control of the HCCI combu

In the present work we have selected a collection of statistical and mathematical tools useful for the exploration of multivariate data and we present them in a form that is meant to be particularly accessible to a classically trained mathematician. We give self contained and streamlined introductions to principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling and statistical hypothesis testing. Wit

Background: The production and use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is rapidly growing. With increased production, there is potential that the number of occupational exposed workers will rapidly increase. Toxicological studies on rats have shown effects in the lungs, e.g. inflammation, granuloma formation, and fibrosis after repeated inhalation exposure to some forms of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). Still

With a method relying on measurements of water vapour flow from a specimen and on measurements of distribution of relative humidity in the specimen at steady state conditions, it is possible to calculate the moisture permeability. Its dependence on relative humidity is presented.