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Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) are a chief uncertainty in calculating the burdens of important atmospheric compounds like tropospheric ozone or secondary organic aerosol, reflecting either imperfect chemical oxidation mechanisms or unreliable emission estimates, or both. To provide a starting point for a more systematic discussion we review here global isoprene and monoter

As a consequence of heightened concern for the greenhouse effect, depleting oil reserves and skyrocketing oil prices, renewable fuels, Such as bioethanol, are becoming increasingly important. Cellulosic biomass like wood, agricultural residue and herbaceous material is a huge, cheap natural resource that can be used for ethanol production. Decreasing production costs through technological developm

Background: There is limited information about risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in acutely ill hospitalized general medical patients. Methods: An international, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial (MEDENOX) has previously been conducted in 1102 acutely ill, immobilized general medical patients and has shown the efficacy of using a low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxapar

Atopic eczema (AE) is a major risk factor for hand eczema. In Scandinavian population-based studies, the occurrence of AE in childhood has often been assessed by the question 'Have you had childhood eczema?' In the present study, this question was validated. A questionnaire was sent to 600 cases with AE and 600 controls without eczema or allergic disease, identified in school medical records from

The structure of palladium(II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate (edta) in aqueous solutions and its adsorption on the surface of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) were studied using extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results show that in aqueous solutions, Pd-edta exists as a 1:1 complex, [P(edta)](2-), with e

Background 3-Hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs), components of lipid A of gram-negative bacteria are useful chemical markers of endotoxin. Methods We analyzed 3-OHFAs in house dust as trimethylsilyl (TMS) methyl ester derivatives in the electron impact ionization mode using gas chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry. Linear calibrations with r > 0.995 were observed for all the 3-OHFA methyl ester ex

Efficient screening of ligands interacting with G-protein-coupled receptors is central for modern drug development. Here, we describe an optimized reporter vector primarily intended for use in reporter cell lines expressing such receptors. The construct consists of a synthetic enhancer containing 9x TRE (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive elements) fused to a minimal CMV (cytomegalovi

Abstract in Undetermined To ensure that sufficient image quality is obtained in diagnostic radiology, the image quality of clinical radiographs has to be evaluated. We present two methods herein for evaluating antero-posterior (AP) radiographs of the lumbar spine. One was using image criteria, including six anatomical details (absolute method). In the other, the visibility of anatomical details re

Background International multicentre studies on diet and cancer are relatively new in epidemiological research. They offer a series of challenging methodological issues for the evaluation of the association between dietary exposure and disease outcomes, which can both be quite heterogeneous across different geographical regions. This requires considerable work to standardize dietary measurements a

Rat adipocyte cGMP-inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase (cGI-PDE) appears to be dually regulated in intact cells by serine phosphorylations induced by isoprenaline and insulin, respectively (Degerman, E., Smith, C. J., Tornqvist, H., Vasta, V., Belfrage, P., and Manganiello, V. C. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 533-537; Smith, C. J., Vasta, V., Degerman, E., Belfrage, P., and Manganiello, V.

The combination between a protein separation technique and the PIXE method has a great potential for large surveys, including thousands of samples, in which multielemental analysis is required. Gel filtration with a Sephadex G-200 gel and a TRIS-acetate buffer was used for separating proteins in human serum. The fractions were doped with an yttrium/vanadium standard and then concentrated and pipet

Using literature data on the gas phase reaction between free lanthanide atoms and carbon dioxide, we have found an isokinetic relation for seven of the twelve investigated elements with an isokinetic temperature, T-iso of 2500 +/- 330 K. This value is analyzed in the framework of the model of selective energy transfer, SET, indicating that metal-CO2 complexes are formed as pre-reaction states. The

Despite a high prevalence of persistent groin pain after hernia repair, the specific nature of the pain and its clinical manifestation are poorly known. The aim of this study was to determine the type of post-herniorrhaphy pain and its influence on daily life. In order to assess long-term pain qualitatively and to explore how it affects quality of life, 100 individuals with persisting pain, identi

A method for evaluating a band offset of a heterojunction is proposed by measuring temperature dependence of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in triple-barrier resonant tunneling diodes (TBRTDs). The method was applied for investigating a conduction band offset by using GaAs0.25P0.75/GaAs TBRTDs with thin strain heterobarriers grown by MOCVD and DeltaE(c) was estimated as 200-240 meV. In the

Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are important tools in the management of tumor disease, and the discovery of antibodies with both specific cancer cell targeting and capacity to enter the cells by internalization are critical to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Method: Antibody cancer cell targeting and internalization properties of fluoroscein-conjugated mAb made against Lewis Y (BR96) we

Conventional Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating using the equivalent dose distributions of 8 mm aliquots have been extended to key stratigraphical sites in southernmost Sweden and the island of Bornholm. The objective has been to bridge the lack of an independent chronology, which might catalyze a new understanding of the ice flow patterns related to the initiation of the Last Glacial