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A national debate about how to transform and to ‘green’ the problematic housing stocks from the boom era has been going on since the late 1990s. Different kinds of policy instruments with energy efficiency objectives that address either energy systems, energy sources or construction and renovation of the building envelope have been in use. Some policy instruments have combined green objectives wit
Spectral hole burning and photon echoes are the techniques for frequency-selective optical memories, which have the potential to increase areal data storage density by a factor 10**7. They also have the capability to perform in-memory data processing. In this thesis, several materials and techniques for optical memories in the frequency- and time domain have been investigated. In the frequency do
The work presented in this thesis can be divided into the three following fields of investigation: First of all the ionization model developed in this thesis is meant to simulate the thermal ionization process or the so-called second peak. Equilibrium assumptions have been adopted for the modeling of the thermal ionization, in which Saha’s equation was derived for singly ionized molecules. The inv
Joseph Beuys. Fat and felt. A critical essay. The extremely singular materials fat and felt for use in art, have an entirely dominating role in a long series of Joseph Beuys’ (1921-1986) most important work. They are found both in single works of art as well as in installations and happenings from the beginning of the 1960s and up to the end of the artist’s life. This essay deals with the artist’
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling rapporterar om karakterisering och tillmpningar av extrem ultraviolett (XUV) strålning som genererats av övertonsgenerering samt i en frielektronlaser. Övertonsgenerering är en process som uppstår när en kraftfull kortvarig laserpuls fokuseras i ett gasmedium. De laserpulser som används är bara några femtosekunder (10−15s) långa och har en våglängd i This thesis reports experimental studies performed with two advanced coherent XUV sources with ultrashort pulse duration, high-order harmonic generation and seeded-free electron laser. High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is the generation of overtones of a fundamental laser pulse in a medium, e.g. noble gases. The emitted radiation has a high degree of transverse coherence, and pulse lengths in t
Popular Abstract in Swedish Öbiogeografi och populationsdifferentiering hos Skyros murödla Hur den fantastiska variationen som finns i naturen bildas är en fråga som länge fascinerat biologer. För mer än 150 år sedan inledde två välkända biologer, Charles Darwin och Alfred Russel Wallace, en brevväxling som skulle komma att bli startskottet för ett paradigmskifte. De hade båda fått idén om naturlIslands are cradles for new biodiversity and provide natural laboratories for the study of population divergence. In my thesis, I investigated the role of different evolutionary processes in the population divergence in the Skyros wall lizard (Podarcis gaigeae), a species where islet populations have strongly diverged morphologies. I used replicate islet populations and their respective most proxi
Due to the increasing interest of producing power from renewable and non-conventional resources, organic Rankine cycles are finding their place in today’s thermal energy mix. The main influencers on the efficiency of an organic Rankine cycle are the working fluid and the expander. Therefore most of the research done up to date turns around the selection of the best performance working media and th
This paper describes a solution to the application of rapid detection of bicycles in low resolution video. In particular, the application addressed is from video recorded in a live environment. The future aim from the results in this paper is to investigate a full year of video data. Hence, processing speed is of great concern. The proposed solution involves the use of an object detector and a sea
Uppsatsen syftar till att diskutera om miljöbalkens målsättning är miljömässigt godtagbar. Frågeställningen är om innebörden av en hållbar utveckling utifrån den utveckling av begreppet som sker i relation till forskningen om planetära gränsvärden kan sägas vara inom ramen för målsättningen om hållbar utveckling i miljöbalkens portalparagraf. Först presenteras rättsvetarna Kim och Bosselmanns syThe purpose of this essay is to discuss if the objective of the Swedish Environmental Code (EC) is environmentally acceptable. The question asked is if the meaning of a sustainable development according to the development of the concept that is occurring in relation to research about planetary boundaries is within the scope of the objective of sustainable development in the preamble of the EC. At
Den första oktober 2019 infördes med SFS 2019:523 en lång rad lagändringar i hyreslagen. Till de viktigaste ändringarna hör 1) kriminalisering av köpare av hyreskontrakt, 2) skärpta straff för försäljning av hyreskontrakt, 3) kriminalisering av andrahandsuthyrning om hyresgästen både saknar tillstånd från hyresvärd eller hyresnämnd och tar ut ett överpris och 4) att hyresrätter inte längre kan bytOn 1 October 2019 SFS 2019:523 was entered into action, containing a long list of legal changes in the Swedish Rent Act (Hyreslagen). Among the more prominent changes were i) the criminalization of buyers of a rental contract, ii) harsher punishment for selling such contracts, iii) criminalization of tenants who both sublet the apartment without permission from the landlord or the Rental Board and
Inte bara kor läcker metan... ... växter kan också släppa ut metan under vissa förhållanden. Ibland tar de även upp metan. Mitt arbete hade som mål att studera metanutbytet mellan trädstammar och atmosfären i en nordisk skog. Metan bidrar näst efter koldioxid mest till nuvarande ökning av växthuseffekten: Vi vet att metaninnehållet i atmosfären ökar men är osäkra på var metan kommer ifrån. TradiThe role of vegetation in the global CH4 budget and the processes involved in CH4 emission by plants have been subject to debate in the past couple of years. This study contributes to this field of research by studying CH4 fluxes between tree stems and the atmosphere on pinus sylvestris and picea abies in a boreal forest using chamber measurements. Additionally to CH4 fluxes, CO2 and H2O fluxes, s
This report will cover and explain the various stages it took to develop and design a new cleaning machine for the company HTC. HTC is a well-known company that specializes in manufacturing machines and tools used in the process of grinding floors, but it is their Twister™ pads that will be of interest for this project. Twister™ is an abrasive pad covered in millions of microscopic diamonds that
I uppsatsen har gällande rätt avseende utomståenderegeln i 57 kap. 5 § IL fram-ställts och analyserats. Utomståenderegeln är en undantagsregel från de särskilda beskattningsreglerna i 3:12-regelverket. Bestämmelsen blir tillämplig om aktie-ägaren visar att utomstående i betydande omfattning äger del i företaget. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka om tillämpningen av bestämmelsen är ändamThis bachelor thesis deals with the outsider rule in 57:5 Swedish income tax law (IL). The outsider rule is an exemption clause, and if found applicable the general taxation rules will be applied instead of the special close company rules. The out-sider rule will be applicable if the shareholder shows that outsiders own a signifi-cant amount of the company's shares. The purpose of this thesis
Våldtäkt är ett utav de mest kränkande brott en person kan utsättas för och är ett ämne som ständigt upprör och leder till diskussion. Förhoppningsvis kan denna diskussion leda till att vi närmar oss en lösning som minskar våldtäkterna. En viktig del av lösningen är en effektiv lagstiftning. Idag grundar sig den svenska våldtäktbestämmelsen på tvång medan man i England och Wales valt att grunda deRape is one of the most offensive crimes a person can be subjected to and it is a matter that keeps aggravating and lead to discussion. Hopefully this discussion will lead us closer to a solution that will decrease the number of rapes. An important part of the solution is an effective legislation. Today the Swedish legislation regulating rape is based on force meanwhile the legislation in England
BACKGROUND: Ecuador is a Spanish speaking country located in northwestern South America with an approximate population of 16 million people. It is considered a developing country. The public healthcare system is divided into three branches and there are also private services available. Musculoskeletal disorders are overly represented in the developing world, especially where poverty and rural livi
‘Bread from Scratch’ is a reaction to the fact that many people don’t know how food is made anymore. Fast foods and other kinds of processed foods determine our daily life. Affected by industrialised food production and peoples eating behaviour, the knowledge of basic food production slowly disappears. Bread is one of humans oldest foods and even today it is one of the most essential and univers
The purpose of this study is to examine the optimal hedge ratio for the currency exposure of foreign investments. The optimal hedge ratio is determined after evaluating our portfolios from the three perspectives; ex-ante, ex-post and profit/loss. The ex-ante perspective is examined by the usage of historical simulation to calculate VaR on 11 portfolio pairs. Each pair consists of a portfolio with
Uppsatsens grundläggande syfte är att analysera tillämpningen och tolkningen av rekvisitet verksam i betydande omfattning i 57 kap. 4 § IL, avseende kapitalförvaltande fåmansföretag. Efter inledningen förklarar jag viktiga definitioner och begrepp i fåmansföretagsreglerna. Syftet är att skapa bättre förståelse för regleringen samt skapa underlag för den fortsatta framställningen. För att kunna besThe main objective of this thesis is to analyse the application and interpretation of the prerequisite active to a significant extent (sw. verksam i betydande omfattning) in chapter 57, section 4 Swedish Income Tax Act (1999:1229), with regards to capital managing companies. After the introduction I explain important definitions and concepts in the rules of close companies. The purpose is to estab
'Identity' is a frequently used concept within the field of European studies, which has resulted in a myriad of different perspectives on what its meaning entails. As such, the meaning of identity is often claimed to be ambiguous, which causes problems for methodology related issues. This thesis suggests that the field of European Studies as a research area has to adjust its approach to th
