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När lagstiftarna kriminaliserar en viss gärning innebär detta att ett brott har skapats. Detta sker främst i syfte att avhålla människor från att begå handlingen i fråga. Men då en kriminalisering i förlängningen kan innebära ett straff, vilket är en mycket långtgående och repressiv form av myndighetsutövning, krävs att det finns vissa begränsningar för när en kriminalisering får ske för att dettaWhen legislators criminalise a certain act, a crime has been created. The main purpose of this is to deter people from committing the act in question. But as a criminalisation can result in punishment, which is a very severe and suppressive form of administrative supervision, it requires certain restrictions being made as to when such a criminalisation can be considered legitimate. A very basic pr

Ukrainian foreign policy was under presidents Kravchuk and Kutchma predominantly a game of lip service to European integration combined with a reluctant but steady political co-operation with Russia. When Viktor Yushchenko was brought to power after the Orange Revolution in 2004 the political game changed and real steps towards a deep political and economical integration with Europe were quickly t

While the situation of queer and trans people within religious communities has gained an increased amount of attention in recent years, with the issue of “conversion therapy” being brought into public discourse by the UN and various LGBTQIA+ organisations, the amount of research that offers in-depth explorations of the living conditions of religious queer and trans people is limited, especially in

Environmental peacebuilding has emerged as an interdisciplinary field that integrates environmental governance with conflict resolution and post-conflict recovery. This chapter argues that this emerging field should be understood as a new paradigm in international law in two respects. First, it is a paradigm of legal ordering. In the absence of a single coherent regime for post-conflict environmen

Finding the expected number of generations it takes before every individual in a population (of constant size) only has one type of gene at a particular locus of a chromosome, can be formulated as computing the mean absorption time in a Markov chain. However, the Markov chain approach is inappropriate when the population is large. This is commonly solved by approximating the Markov chain with a di

Uppsatsen behandlar det adopterade barnets ställning inom adoptionsinstitutet genom dess förändring över tid. Adoptionsinstitutet har förändrats i takt med samhällsutvecklingen och lagstiftaren har tidvis försökt lösa samhällsproblem med hjälp av lagstiftningen. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur barnets ställning har förändrats tillsammans med adoptionslagstiftningen. Adoption som ett institThis thesis examines an adopted child’s status within the adoption institute through time. The adoption institute has changed in line with the development of society and the legislator have occasionally tried to solve problems occurring in the society with the help of legislation. The child’s status is dependent on society’s perception of children and the reign values in the general public. The

Jämfört med många andra industrier så har byggnadsindustrin halkat efter med att implementera digitala lösningar. I dagsläget är det enbart ett fåtal materialleverantörer och tillverkare som erbjuder en tjänst av så kallade digitala BIM-objekt till sina produkter. Dessa digitala produkt kopior kan nyttjas för flera syften i projektmodeller vilket exempelvis gynnar desing-team och entreprenörer. DeThe construction industry has in general been rather slow in its implementation of new digital solutions compared to other industries. To date, only a handful of material suppliers are offering a service of so-called digital BIM-objects of their products. These 'digital product copies' can be utilized in projects' BIM-models for several purposes, being favorable to the design team and

The purpose of this thesis was to study secondary school students' motivation to learn a second foreign language in addition to English. In addition to the empirical investigation of L3 motivation over a program of study and the testing of the widely-held assumption that L2 English impacts negatively on L3 motivation, the aim was also to contribute to the conceptual development of self-based motiv

Bananas are widely consumed fruits with over 140 metric tons produced annually. As much as 336 metric tons of banana pseudo-stems, sheaths, piths, peels and leaves are produced annually. These wastes are usually discarded via composting, aerobic decomposition, incinerated or simply allowed to rot in the fields. However, these treatments may cause serious environmental and ecological problems.

This master’s thesis has been written by Patrik Werius at the Department of Machine Design at the Faculty of Engineering, LTH, at Lund University. It has been part of a research project which is dealing with the development of a construction system. This construction system is a new concept for assembling the cabin of a Volvo truck. The focus of this master’s thesis is on the connection between th

Concurrent with the acceleration of globalization there has been an increasing tendency of communal conflicts. Resisting the possibility of the Indian government to acquire land, an expanding movement of opposition is taking place. The purpose of this paper is to highlight what motivates people to turn toward violence. The paper focuses on the Maoist movement in Chhattisgarh, India, tracing the pr

Background: Historically, the use of packaging has often been regarded as a necessary evil, associated with unnecessary costs, but needed to enable distribution of goods. Today many companies have begun to realise that the packaging can have a major impact on the supply chain. For Tetra Pak, it is of great importance to be able to offer deeper insights to the costs incurred by their packages, thus

What happens when production technologies such as 3d printing become available to consumers? And how will it affect the role of the designer? To answer these questions we had to look at the 3d printing from a larger perspective and consider the movements behind it. The aim of our bachelor project was to create a platform where designers and end-users can collaborate in the creation of their own pr

Entreprenadavtal karakteriseras av att arbetena de reglerar tenderar att vara omfattande, komplicerade och långvariga, vilket ställer krav på samverkan mellan entreprenadavtalets parter. När en av avtalsparterna inte utför sin huvudförpliktelse uppstår ett avtalsbrott, vilket kan innebära att vissa påföljder med anledning av avtalsbrottet aktualiseras. I särskilda fall kan den skadelidande parten Contracting contracts are characterized by the work they regulate tend to be extensive, complicated and long-lasting, which implies a demand on collaboration between the contracting parties. When one of the contracting parties does not fulfill their main obligation, a breach of contract arises, which may mean that some penalties arising from the breach of contract will be actualized. In special ca

Background BIM, Building Information Modelling, is a relatively new approach to work with building design and information management within the building industry. As higher demands are placed on product information and information management, manufacturers of building materials have to meet the need for BIM objects and 3D modeling. Ecophon is a supplier of sound absorbing ceilings and wall absorbe

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie har varit att studera den primära och sekundära migrationen av hydrokarboner. Den primära migrationen är den process som sker då hydrokarboner, efter det att dessa bildats i moderbergarten under specifika tryck och temperaturförhållanden, drivs ut till en reservoarbergart. De faktorer som anses vara de troligaste orsakerna till att primär migration kan ske är spri

The paper proposes a new multiple window method for estimating a peaked spectrum. The multiple windows are adapted to the signal, giving a less biased estimate for estimation of peaks than does the Thomson multiple window method. Still the result from estimation of a flat spectrum shows comparable results in variance reduction. The method is based on solution of an eigenvalue problem where the eig

Background: Osteoclasts have been strongly implicated in osteoarthritic cartilage degradation, at least indirectly via bone resorption, and have been shown to degrade cartilage in vitro. The osteoclast resorption processes required to degrade subchondral bone and cartilage-the remodeling of which is important in the osteoarthritic disease process-have not been previously described, although cathepBackground: Osteoclasts have been strongly implicated in osteoarthritic cartilage degradation, at least indirectly via bone resorption, and have been shown to degrade cartilage in vitro. The osteoclast resorption processes required to degrade subchondral bone and cartilage-the remodeling of which is important in the osteoarthritic disease process-have not been previously described, although cathep

This dissertation examines how young people with Kurdish backgrounds form their identity in Sweden with regards to processes of inclusion and exclusion. It also sheds light on the ways these young people deal with ethnic discrimination and racism. Further, the study outlines the importance of these social processes for the discipline of social work and the ways social workers can work with disadva