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Flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis yields information on ploidy status and the S-phase fraction (SPF), variables of prognostic importance in breast cancer. The clinical value of the SPF is currently being evaluated in prospective randomized trials. The widespread use of FCM DNA analysis emphasizes the importance of reproducibility (both intra- and interlaboratory). In this study, 67 nuclear suspen
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen behandlar ekonomisk tillväxt och finanspolitik. Med ekonomisk tillväxt avses tillväxttakten i BNP – det sammanlagda värdet av alla varor och tjänster som produceras för slutlig användning i ett land – och med finanspolitik avses handhavandet av de offentliga finanserna. Efter ett introduktionskapitel följer fem kapitel som är fristående från varandra. De trThis thesis deals with the two subjects economic growth and fiscal policy. The first three chapters after the introduction are theoretical approaches to the determination of long-run growth. In each of these chapters, the ability of fiscal policy to influence long-run growth is examined as well. The next chapter relates the development of GDP in the long run to the financial system. The final chap
Head-and-neck tumors are often situated at an air-tissue interface what may result in an underdosage of part of the tumor in radiotherapy treatments using megavoltage photons. especially for small fields. In addition to effects of transient electronic disequilibrium, for these small fields, an increased lateral electron range in air will result in an important extra reduction of the central axis (
A new model describing the image formation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been developed. The k-space description of MRI pulse sequences is expanded by introducing new dimensions to describe the phase dispersion due to flow, acceleration, jerk, diffusion and magnetic field inhomogeneities. When the multi-dimensional k-space is combined with a partition model it becomes possible to model t
Given the increasing interest in the association between exposure to air pollution and adverse health outcomes, the development of models that provide accurate spatio-temporal predictions of air pollution concentrations at small spatial scales is of great importance when assessing potential health effects of air pollution. The methodology presented here has been developed as part of the Multi-Ethn
The Cone Calorimeter is the most complete reaction-to fire test apparatus available presently. It measures heat release rates and mass loss rate, ignitability properties and smoke and toxic gas production rate. One of the main advantages remains in its wide spread and use. There are, however, some drawbacks in the cone calorimeter that should be noticed and maybe corrected for. The sample size is
Popular Abstract in Swedish Läkning av achilles-senrupturer är idag en långdragen process, som ofta tar flera månader innan senan är fullt funktionsduglig. Syftet med studierna är att förbättra senläkningen i samband med achillesrupturer. Bone Morphogentic Proteins (BMP) är främst kända för att stimulera benläkning och bentillväxt. De lokala förhållandena har dock visat sig ha stor betydelse för cWe wanted to improve tendon healing by adding a growth factor. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are well known to stimulate bone healing and bone formation. The local environment is of major importance for cell differentiation after a BMP has been added. Cartilage Derived Morphogenetic Proteins (CDMPs) -1, -2 and -3 (BMP 14, 13 and 12 or GDF 5, 6 and 7) form a subgroup in the BMP-family and are
Nanofiltration (NF) has attracted increasing attention during recent years due to the development of new applications. The advantage of NF compared with reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) is that it is possible to separate organic substances from some types of salts. It is, furthermore, also possible to separate different kinds of salts due to the negatively charged groups on the membra
Objective: To evaluate the safety and endometrial protection of low-dose transdermal estradiol (E2)/norethisterone acetate (NETA) patches (Estalis 25/125) in terms of post-treatment incidence of endornetrial hyperplasia/cancer after 1 year of treatment in postmenopausal women with intact uteri. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive either transdermal E2/NETA (delivering daily doses of E2 25
A new type of polymer gel dosimeter, which responds well to absorbed dose even when manufactured in the presence of normal levels of oxygen, was recently described by Fong et al. [Phys. Med. Biol. 46, 3105-3113 (2001)] and referred to by the acronym MAGIC. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using this new type of gel for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) verific
This thesis comprises three different topics within the field of tribology. First, design functions for analyses of slider bearings are developed. Second, a lubricant model applied to elastohydrodynamically lubricated (EHL) line contacts considering wall-slip is presented. Finally, an experimental apparatus for investigations of lubricants at high pressures is presented. The design of hydrodynami
Background: Narayanan & Raman (2004) present what they call an approach to treat incentive misalignments. It consists of three steps: Accept the premise, Pinpoint the cause, and Align or redesign. The first step, accept the premise, is simply acknowledging that there is such a thing as incentive misalignments. The second step, pinpoint the cause, is the process of identifying and describing w
Popular Abstract in Swedish Under större delen av den moderna psykiatrins historia innebar vården av psykisk sjukdom en förvisning av individer till stora slutna anstalter. Idag har dessa inspärrningsmiljöer reformerats så att vården istället organiseras samhällsbaserat utifrån ledorden: delaktighet, integrering och normalisering. Den övergripande frågan som ställs i denna avhandling är hur psykiThe modern era of psychiatry is predominantly a history of confinement. Individuals suffering from mental disorders were banished to asylums and mental hospitals. During the late twentieth century, however, the Swedish psychiatry was a recurring topic for political debate and the target for numerous reforms. At present it is reorganized around three fundamental principles: participation, normaliza
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease, in both early and established RA. Data on the risk of ischemic heart disease in relation to therapy with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists (anti-TNF) are conflicting in patients with established RA and essentially lacking in those with early RA. In established RA, the risk of myocardial infarc
Materials that are stored or used in damp climates may be subject to mould growth. However, all materials are not equally susceptible to mould growth. For each specific material, there is a critical moisture level. If this is exceeded, there is a risk that mould fungi will develop on the material. In a building, different constructions are exposed to different climatic conditions. To minimise the
Title: Brand loyalty and switching behavior – A case study of the Swedish ketchup market Authors: Marcus Andersson Mattias Hedblad Tutors: Björn Bergenståhl, (Professor) Department of Food Technology, Engineering and nutrition, Division of Food Technology, Lund University Frans Melin (MBA PhD) Department of Business and administration, Lund University Ragnar Sjögren Johansen, (Marketing Manager Sa
Depicting the American system of products liability in general and punitive damages in particular as bizarre is unlikely to offend anybody. People unable to provide their own anecdotal evidence of exactly how twisted the system is are hard to find. Proponents of it, usually lawyers arguing the plaintiffs' cases, are dismissed as biased and profiting from their quarter cuts in billion dollar aw
Sedan vårdnadsreformen år 1998 blev den gemensamma vårdnaden allt viktigare i svensk familjerätt. Domstolarna arbetade aktivt med att införliva gemensam vårdnad som norm och skapa en ny rättstradition som talade för denna vårdnadsform. I och med 2006 års vårdnadsreform togs presumtionen om gemensam vårdnad bort. Lagförslaget innebar inga förändringar angående domstolens behörighet att döma till geJoint custody has been the main principle in Swedish Family Law since the custody reform of 1998. The Courts have ever since worked actively to implement joint custody as the main norm and to create a new legal tradition that advocates this form of custody. The presumption of joint custody was removed in the custody reform of 2006. The legislative proposal did however not result in any changes to
roblem description Occupational health and safety is an area that is becoming highlighted partly because the legislation is getting stricter but also since a lot of companies realize the importance of taking care of human resources. For this reason interest is growing for an occupational health and safety management system that also is compatible with ISO 9000 and ISO 14001. OHSAS 18001 was jointl
This master thesis was conducted at Volvo Car Corporation, VCC, in Gothenburg within the Manufacturing Engineering department. It is based on the P11-project (the new model S40) where the process verification has been examined and analyzed. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the reasons behind remaining and new problems at late stages in the development process, as well as possibilities f
