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A magnetic particle-based immuno-supported liquid membrane assay (m-ISLMA) based on chemiluminescence detection of a horseradish peroxidase-labeled hapten tracer that allows sample cleanup, analyte enrichment, and detection in a single analysis unit has been developed. Antibodies were immobilized on magnetic beads, and their position in the acceptor was controlled by two alternating opposing elect

Parasites and diseases constitute major evolutionary forces in many natural populations, and thus having an efficient immune defense to resist infections is crucial for many organisms. Properties of the immune response may also influence mate choice decisions in many animals. Theory predicts several advantages for females when choosing males with superior immune systems. These benefits can be both

The ever increasing data rates in wireless communication require analog to digital converters (ADCs) with greater requirements on speed and accuracy, while being power efficient to prolong battery life. This dissertation contains an introduction to the field and five papers that focus on the continuous-time (CT) Delta-Sigma modulator (DSM) as ADC. Paper I analyses the performance degradation of d

Popular Abstract in Swedish Spädbarn med kolik – föräldrars upplevelse i ett kortare och ett längre perspektiv samt effekten av akupunktur på barnets skrik, ätande, avföringsmönster och sömn. Spädbarnskolik definieras som ett tillstånd där ett för övrigt friskt barn skriker och gnäller mer än tre timmar per dag mer än tre dagar i veckan. Kolik drabbar ca 10 % av nyfödda barn i västvärlden. Både bInfantile colic, involving an otherwise healthy infant crying and fussing more than three hours per day and more than three days per week, is a common problem in Western countries. Both the infant and the parents suffer during the months of persistent crying and there is a risk that the establishing of the early relationship might be disturbed. Safe and effective treatment that provides relief in

The chemical composition and dissociation behaviour of water adsorbed on clean and oxygen pre-covered Pd{111} was studied using high-resolution time-resolved and temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We find that water remains intact at all temperatures up to desorption on the clean surface and at high oxygen coverage(0.69 ML) when a surface oxide is formed. The highest desorpti

We study a model of the atrioventricular node function during atrial fibrillation (AF), for which the model parameters can be estimated from the ECG. The proposed model is defined by parameters which characterize the arrival rate of atrial impulses, the probability of an impulse choosing either one of the two atrioventricular nodal pathways, the refractory periods of these pathways, and the prolon

Background: Identifying children with childhood-onset neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs, defined here as autism spectrum disorders [ASDs], attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [AD/HD], tic disorders [TDs], learning disorders [LDs] and development coordination disorder), using easily administered screening instruments, is a prerequisite for epidemiological research. Such instruments are also cl

Popular Abstract in Swedish Nervsystemet är sannolikt en av de mest vidunderliga strukturer som skapats i detta universum - denna avhandling hade till exempel varken kunnat skrivas eller läsas utan det. Som av en slump handlar den också om just nervsystemet och läsande och skrivande är två exempel på olika funktioner som möjliggjorts på grund av det. Även om dessa utgör funktioner som är ovanliga Bodies with multiple limbs and joints have endless possibilities to move around in their surrounding space. How the nervous system controls this amount of degrees of freedom in motor execution is a question under vigorous debate. In an ambition to explore related aspects of motor control we conducted parallel electrophysiological recordings of motor circuits in the cortex and basal ganglia in the

A kinetic model describing the enzymatic saccharification of wheat starch by a mixture of ol-amylase and amyloglucosidase has been developed. The model describes the influence of pH, glucose inhibition and starch and enzyme concentration, The results of experimental saccharification under different physical conditions, eg pH and temperature, were used to determine the parameters in the model. The

To control flight, insects rely on the pattern of visual motion generated on the retina as they move through the environment. When light levels fall, vision becomes less reliable and flight control thus becomes more challenging. Here, we investigated the effect of light intensity on flight control by filming the trajectories of free-flying bumblebees (Bombus terrestris, Linnaeus, 1758) in an exper

This paper analyses ethical issues in forensic psychiatric research on mentally disordered offenders, especially those detained in the psychiatric treatment system. The idea of a 'dual role' dilemma afflicting forensic psychiatry is more complicated than acknowledged. Our suggestion acknowledges the good of criminal law and crime prevention as a part that should be balanced against familiar resear

Popular Abstract in Swedish Fysiologiska och kliniska aspekter på förändrad kapillärpermeabilitet Graden av genomsläpplighet (permeabilitet) i de minsta blodkärlen (kapillärerna), där utbytet av näringsämnen och slaggprodukter sker, är avgörande för att kroppens celler skall fungera. I den svåraste fasen av sjukdomar såsom blodförgiftning (sepsis) och efter trauma är permeabiliteten ökad varvid plMicrovascular permeability is important for exchange of fluids and proteins in health and in disease. Permeability increases in critical illness, such as during sepsis/SIRS and after trauma, and may be affected by drugs. Increased permeability causes oedema and hypovolaemia. Hypovolaemia is treated with fluids, and their efficacy is determined by their intravascular retention, also influenced by t

Background: The Clubfoot Assessment Protocol (CAP)is a multi dimensional instrument designed for longitudinal follow up of the clubfoot deformity during growth. Item reliability has shown to be sufficient. In this article the CAP's validity and responsiveness is studied using the Dimeglio classification scoring as a gold standard. Methods: Thirty-two children with 45 congenital c

Popular Abstract in Swedish Många djur och växter har någon form av permanent försvar mot angrepp, t ex taggar och utskott. Andra försvarar sig inte alls utan satsar istället på att föröka sig så fort som möjligt. Den kanske mest sofistikerade strategin har de djur och växter som väljer att försvara sig enbart vid behov, s k predator-inducerade försvar. Predator-inducerade försvar är särskilt intrIn this thesis, I have investigated factors (cues, benefits, and costs) affecting the evolution of an inducible morphological defence in crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Inducible defences are favoured over permanent defences when prey have reliable cues to detect predators, when defences are effective but costly, and when predation pressure is variable and unpredictable, but sometimes s

Popular Abstract in Swedish FN:s barnkonvention formulerar barns och ungas behov i termer av mänskliga rättigheter. Sverige ratificerade konventionen efter ett beslut i riksdagen den 21 juni 1990, utan att reservera sig på någon punkt. Konventionens budskap kan sammanfattas i tre ord: Barn skall respekteras. Vuxna skall se barnet, sträva efter att förstå det och vidta åtgärder som bedöms vara tillThe main purpose was to investigate children's participation in the decision-making processes in health care. Twenty-four children (0-18 år)admitted to hospital, their parents, and the staff present were observed during totally 135 hours in order to (i) identify the children's needs, (ii) their participation in the decision-making processes, and (iii) their parents' participation. Twenty-six child

A theoretical model has been developed for the drop behaviour in siphon riser tubes in paper drying cylinders. Analytical solutions to the equations are presented for the systems air-water at atmospheric pressure and saturated steam-water. Numerical simulations are performed for a large number of input data. Calculated drop trajectories indicate that the drops travel only a small part of the riser

Using laser-Doppler flowmetry during ventriculocisternal perfusion with inulin-[14C]carboxylic acid, choroid plexus blood flow (CPBF) and CSF production were measured simultaneously in rats during periods of 3 h. Blood flow and CSF production decreased only slightly during control experiments. The effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was studied at different concentrations of the pept

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om energieffektiva fönstersystem i svenska byggnader. Simuleringar av energianvändningen har gjorts för både småhus och kontor för att bedöma effekterna av olika fönsterval på energibehov och inneklimat. Två års mätningar av energianvändning och innetemperaturer för ett energisnålt radhus har utvärderats. Två beteendestudier har även genomförts This thesis deals with energy-efficient windows in Swedish buildings. Parametric studies were performed in the dynamic energy simulation tool Derob-LTH in order to study the effects of window choices on energy use and indoor climate for both residential and office buildings. A steady-state program was used to evaluate two years of measurements of energy use and indoor temperatures of an energy-eff

Migration causes temporal and energetic constraints during plumage development, which can compromise feather structure and function. In turn, given the importance of a good quality of flight feathers in migratory movements, selection may have favoured the synthesis of feathers with better mechanical properties than expected from a feather production constrained by migration necessities. However, n