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Let NDTIME(f(n),g(n)) denote the class of problems solvable in O(g(n)) time by a multi-tape Turing machine using an f(n)-bit non-deterministic oracle, and let DTIME(g(n)) = NDTIME(0, g(n)). We show that if the all-pairs shortest paths problem (APSP) for directed graphs with N vertices and integer edge weights within a super-exponential range { -2Nk+o(1),.,2Nk+o(1)}, k≥1 does not admit a truly subc
Introduction: The use of real-world data offers a possibility to perform large-scale epidemiological studies in actual clinical settings. Despite their many advantages, administrative databases were not designed to be used in research, and the validation of diagnoses and treatments in administrative databases is needed. The primary objective of this study was to validate an existing algorithm base
Tropical forests contribute a major sink for anthropogenic carbon emissions essential to slowing down the buildup of atmospheric CO2 and buffering climate change impacts. However, the response of tropical forests to more frequent weather extremes and long-recovery disturbances like fires remains uncertain. Analyses of field data and ecological theory raise concerns about the possibility of the Ama
The myosin heavy chain stoichiometry and the force-velocity relation have been determined in the myometrium of the non-pregnant and pregnant rat. The relative proportions of the slower migrating heavy chain (MHC1) greatly exceeded that of the faster migrating heavy chain (MHC2) as shown by electrophoresis on SDS 4%-polyacrylamide gels. The ratios of MHC1/MHC2 were 2.2/1 in the non-pregnant rats, 2
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, strongly inhibits the activities of all gastric/pancreatic lipases except pancreatic phospholipase A(2)in vitro. In clinical use, for obesity treatment, it induces a variable degree of weight loss and steatorrhoéa. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of in vivo inhibition of individual gastric/pancreatic lipases by Orlistat in man, whe
[1] Vigorous debate still surrounds the cloud electrification process and unexplained regional variations in lightning activity. Here, we show that climatological maxima in lightning activity are associated with small effective diameter D-e of ice crystals near cumulonimbus cloud tops. This relationship, unlike lightning's more well-known relationship with cloud top height, is consistent over land
Surfaces subjected to rolling and sliding contacts may suffer from contact fatigue. The cam and roller follower mechanism is a typical rolling and sliding contact. This thesis deals with the running in aspects to avoid high stress variation that leads to fatigue wear and the aspect of what happens to indentation damages that occurs on the surface if there are any particles in the lubricant. The pa
The purpose of this paper is two fold. Firstly, to inform the Australian software engineering community of the European Fifth Framework research structure and the involvement of an Australian partner in a fifth framework project, CORONET. Secondly to describe the CORONET project. CORONET develops a new approach for software engineering training in knowledge networks. CORONET aims to support on dem
Light is both the energy source and the dominant signalling input for photosynthetic organisms. Accordingly, up to 30–50% of the genes expressed in plant leaves are directly or indirectly regulated by light, and virtually all aspects of plant metabolism support photosynthesis, depend upon the products of photosynthesis or are affected by photosynthesis-related changes in metabolite levels. Though
Lewy bodies, which are a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease, contain insoluble polymers of alpha-synuclein (alphasyn). Among the different modifications that can promote the formation of toxic alphasyn species, C-terminal truncation is among the most abundant alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease. In vitro, C-terminal truncated alphasyn aggregates faster and sub-stoichiometric
Proton motions in hydrated proton conducting perovskites BaZr(0.90)A(0.10)O(2.95) (A = Y and Sc) have been investigated using quasielastic neutron scattering. The results reveal a localized motion on the ps time scale and with an activation energy of similar to 10-30 meV, in both materials. The temperature dependence of the total mean square displacement of the protons shows an onset of this motio
Introduction: This research sought to extend knowledge about bystanders in bullying situations with a focus on the motivations that lead them to different responses. The 2 primary goals of this study were to investigate the reasons for children's decisions to help or not to help a victim when witnessing bullying, and to generate a grounded theory (or conceptual framework) of bystander motivation i
The forest, savanna, and grassland biomes, and the transitions between them, are expected to undergo major changes in the future due to global climate change. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are very useful for understanding vegetation dynamics under the present climate, and for predicting its changes under future conditions. However, several DGVMs display high uncertainty in predicting v
In this work, three different methods were used to determine the phase behavior of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). Rough values for the total solubility of AKD in SC-CO2 were obtained. The solubility ranges from 1 to 14 mg AKD/g CO2 at temperatures from 40 to 80 degrees C and pressures from 10 to 30 MPa. A significant increase in solubility was observed in the re
Both Canada and Germany are multi-cultural societies, but with different approaches to this reality. In this chapter, I explore the question of how young people understand and define their social positions, and how much the process is influenced by the societies they live in. I use material from a qualitative research project in one German and one Canadian secondary school. Young people with and w
För att förhindra att ägare av företag med en mer begränsad ägarkrets, så kallade fåmansföretag, tar ut högbeskattade arbetsinkomster som lägre beskattade kapitalinkomster finns det särskilda regler. Dessa regler är kända som 3:12-reglerna och finns i 57 kap. inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229), IL. Endast de andelar som definieras som kvalificerade andelar omfattas av särreglerna. Enligt 57 kap. 4 § In order to prevent owners of closely held corporations from transforming highly taxed salary income into lower taxed capital income, special rules exist for closely held corporations. These rules are known as the 3:12-rules and are found in chapter 57 of the Swedish income taxation act (inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229), IL). Only shares that are defined as qualified shares are subject to the 3:12-r
In industrial biotechnical processes in fed-batch mode it is desirable to keep a high feed rate in order to achieve a high production rate, while simultaneously avoiding overflow metabolism. This means that the optimum of the process is close to the point where it risks crashing due to the effects of overflow metabolites. Probing control of feed rate is a control strategy for microbial processes w
