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This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps for future research in the area of exercise-associated modifications of infection susceptibility. Regular moderate-intensity exercise is believed to have beneficial effects on immune health through lowering inflammation intensity and reducing susceptibility to respiratory infections. However, strenuous exercise, as perfo
Background: Throughout the world many people have both obesity and chronic pain, comorbidities that decrease Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). It is uncertain whether patients with comorbid obesity can maintain improved HRQoL after Interdisciplinary Multimodal Pain Rehabilitation (IMMPR). Methods: Data from 2016, 2017, and 2018 were obtained from a national pain database for Swedish speciali
Because several studies have implicated serotonin as a regulator of bone mass, we here explore its potential association on fracture risk and falls, as on bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle strength, in humans. Serum levels of serotonin were analyzed in 950 men (aged 69 to 81 years), participating in the Gothenburg part of the population-based study MrOS Sweden. Men taking selective serotonin r
BACKGROUND:: There is a lack of knowledge about how the provision and availability of specialized palliative care relates to the quality of dying in hospital and community-based settings. AIM:: We aimed to explore the quality of care during last week of life in relation to different levels of palliative care development. DESIGN:: We investigated access to palliative care in Southern Sweden, where
BACKGROUND: Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use
Problem and Urgency: A global loss of cultivated biodiversity and traditional knowledge and practices can be observed. It is, however, essential to preserve this heritage that contributes to climate resilience, diversification of ecosystems and the dynamization of rural areas. Approach: Based on the work with Connecta Natura in the Sierra de Espadán (Spain), this thesis makes a proposal for a netw
The elderly population is increasing and with advanced age comes a higher risk for contracting diseases and excessive medicine use. Polypharmacy can lead to drug-related problems and an increased need of health care. More needs to be done to help overcome these problems. In order for new models to be successful and possible to implement in health care they have to be accepted by caregivers. The ai
Det har visat sig att fysisk aktivitet minskar risken för en rad olika sjukdomar. Studien syftade till att undersöka fysisk aktivitet i olika kontexter och på olika nivåer för att bidra med ny kunskap om eventuella hälsofördelar med fysisk aktivitet. Då det är betydelsefullt för organisationens effektivitet och produktivitet att de anställda mår bra är det också viktigt att organisationen arbetar Physical activity has been shown to reduce the risk of several illnesses. The study aimed to investigate physical activity in different contexts and on different levels to contribute with new knowledge about possible health benefits linked to physical activity. Since the health of the employees is crucial for the organization’s efficiency and productivity it is important that organizations promote
Svenska elitidrottares mentala träningsvanor undersöktes genom en webbaserad enkätundersökning som besvarades av 47 aktiva idrottare (28 män, 19 kvinnor, ålder 16-37, M=25) inom fotboll, friidrott, handboll, ishockey och tennis. Studien visade att svenska elitidrottare i genomsnitt ägnar 41 minuter i veckan åt olika mentala träningsformer, dock med stor individuell spridning. Mängden mental träninThis paper aimed to study to what extent Swedish elite athletes engage themselves in psychological skills training (PST). The study was conducted through a web-based survey with 47 respondents (28 men, 19 women, age 16-37, M=25) from five sports; handball, ice hockey, soccer, tennis and track and field. The results showed that the athletes spend on average 41 minutes a week on different types of m
This report is about the housing situation in Manila, capital of the Philippines. 25% of the inhabitants in this mega city live in informal settlements, often on places unsuitable for living. The target area of this paper is Baseco, a large slum area near the outlet of Pasig River and home to 47 000 people according to the 2002 census. Among its many problems including overpopulation and poverty i
This thesis examines Ismaʿili individuals’ “lived religion” through personal views on religious values combined with daily practices in German society. Since a Eurocentric view on Islam often fails to recognize the complexities of Muslim communities while emphasizing the Muslim faith as incompatible with “modernity”, the current study of the Ismaʿili branch serves as an example of Muslim practices
This study aimed to examine how interrogation techniques in the form of alpha and omega strategies, as well as a rapport-based approach by the interviewer, were related to engagement and information disclosure in intelligence interviews. The study was conducted through observation and coding of 66 interviews involving a total of 19 interviewees and 6 interviewers in a training-based and realistica
Action-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (A-2DES) provides valuable insights into ultrafast dynamics within functional materials and devices by measuring incoherent signals like photocurrent. This work details the implementation and optimization of a pulse-shaper-based A-2DES setup, focusing on methodological strategies crucial for acquiring high-fidelity data. We present a comprehe
Accurate, high-resolution global land use and land cover (LULC) mapping is crucial for environmental monitoring, but remains challenging when relying solely on multispectral data. Most existing global LULC mapping studies rely exclusively on multispectral observations, and even those that incorporate synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data often fail to fully exploit the information it provides. SAR p
We created an AI support for diagnosis in dyspneic adults at time of triage in the emergency department.Complete data from an entire regional health care system was analyzed, to find AI-derived, unknown, important diagnostic predictors. Most important were prior diagnoses of heart failure or COPD, daily smoking, atrial fibrillation/flutter, life difficulties and maternal care.Sensitivity for AHF,
Introduction: This multicenter, prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the performance of the StatStrip® Lactate 2 (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, US) point-of-care device for fetal blood lactate measurement and to determine the corresponding lactate value equivalent to the established intervention cutoff used with the outgoing StatStrip® Lactate device. Material and Methods: The study was c
Background: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health r
Around one-fourth of the global population lacks access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, most of them living in low- and middle-income countries. Reliance on rudimentary and inefficient biomass cookstoves results in high pollutant concentrations that adversely affect the health of those exposed to indoor air pollution, the environment, and the climate. In this study, we systematically
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended by guidelines to evaluate the severity of brain ischemia after cardiac arrest for functional outcome prediction. However, standardized assessment criteria are lacking. We have developed a semi-quantitative Cardiac Arrest Brain Ischemia (CABI) score to assess the extension of brain ischemia on MRI. Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic pe
