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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Achieving adequate concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with severe infections is challenging, and therefore therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) would be optimal for guiding beta-lactam dosing, but is often limited by availability. UV/VIS spectrophotometry can quantify drug levels in saline, and if those levels truly reflect plasma concentrations, it could
BACKGROUND/AIM: Determining the causation of an injury in living individuals is a key task for forensic pathologists. However, little is known about sex-based differences in injury characteristics. The study aims to examine sex-based differences in single stab injuries to the trunk among assault survivors, to potentially identify injury patterns that could aid forensic assessment and help in the m
BACKGROUND: Early HIV diagnosis allows timely interventions to control HIV transmission. We have determined the proportion of recent infections among people living with HIV (PLHIV) enrolling to care in Ethiopia and identified factors associated with recent infection. METHODS: Participants (aged ≥ 15 years) newly enrolled in HIV care were recruited from urban clinics in central Ethiopia (2022-2024)
Process-based biosphere models, which formulate biophysical ecosystem processes, provide a mechanistic framework for understanding terrestrial carbon dynamics. In contrast, data-driven approaches, e.g., upscaling eddy covariance (EC) fluxes using satellite observations and machine learning, offer empirical estimates. These complementary methods often diverge significantly, particularly in estimati
The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to a further understanding of the complexity in green consumer behaviour by examining how and why individuals priorities values, personal norms and identity in green consumer behaviour. The thesis employs a qualitative approach with an abductive strategy. The empirical data was produced through in-depth interviews with green consumers. Based upon the emp
Mountains provide a variety of ecosystem services, such as drinking water, which sustains not only mountain communities but also people living further downstream. While climate change threatens most ecosystems, its negative impacts are up to three times greater in high altitudes. As well as changing the water cycle this further accelerates climate change. Although they contribute comparably little
Background In congenital aortic stenosis (CAS), commissurotomy is an option in patients not suitable to receive a valve prosthesis. However, there is often a need for future additional interventions on the aortic valve. The fate of the aortic valve is, however, essentially unknown. This study reports the need for reinterventions after surgical commissurotomy, based on a national register. Material
Background: There are currently no molecular tests to identify individual breast cancers where radiotherapy (RT) offers no benefit. Profile for the Omission of Local Adjuvant Radiotherapy (POLAR) is a 16-gene molecular signature developed to identify low-risk cancers where RT will not further reduce recurrence rates. Methods: An individual participant data meta-analysis was performed in 623 patien
BACKGROUND: Despite the significant personal and societal burden of tic disorders (TDs), treatment outcomes remain modest, necessitating a deeper understanding of their etiology. Family history is the biggest known risk factor, and identifying risk genes could accelerate progress in the field.METHODS: Expanding upon previous sample size limitations, we added 4800 new TD cases and 971,560 controls
The enzyme dermatan sulfate epimerase 1 epimerizes glucuronic acid on chondroitin sulfate into iduronic acid giving dermatan sulfate resulting in increased flexibility of the glycosaminoglycan. The increased flexibility results in changed interactions with some proteins such as growth factors, cytokines, and angiogenic factors, and recent studies suggest that it also plays an important role in the
As mass timber construction gains momentum worldwide, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has emerged as an important material in the built environment. However, the combustible nature of wood presents challenges and fire safety concerns, and a key interest with respect to CLT is the adhesive bond line. CLT is commonly used in ceiling configuration, and current fire stability evaluations rely predominant
The incidence of Human Papillomavirus positive (HPV+) tonsillar cancer has been sharply rising during the last two decades. Myeloid cells represent an appropriate therapeutic target due to their ability to orchestrate antigen-specific immunity within the tonsil, the availability of viral antigens, and the proximity of the tumor and the underlying lymphoid tissue. However, the interrelationship of
Accurate assessments of symptoms and illnesses are essential for health research and clinical practice but face many challenges. The absence of a single error-free measure is currently addressed by assessment methods involving experts reviewing several sources of information to achieve a best-estimate assessment. This assessment method is called the Expert Panel method in medicine, and the Best-Es
In recent years, researchers have extensively investigated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent cancer type worldwide. Its resistance to conventional treatments highlights the promise of theragnostic nanoparticles, offering multiple tools within a single platform for fighting HCC cells. In this research, using polyaniline (PANI)-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFO), an innovative nanoc
School-related functional impairment is common in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little is known about the characteristics of youth with OCD who struggle in school, whether these struggles interfere with treatment outcomes, and whether treatment improves school-related function. Among 385 youth with OCD at a specialist clinic (mean age [sd] = 13.7 [2.5]
BACKGROUND: The first 35 years of pediatric heart transplantation (pHTx) in Sweden were investigated to determine outcomes following listing and transplantation, investigate sub-populations of recipients, and describe the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in a contemporary cohort.METHODS: Swedish children < 18 years, listed from 1/1/1989 to 31/12/2023, were included. The cohort was split
This thesis discusses the use of standards in land-use planning risk management regulations. Based on exploring the domains of standards and standardisation, risk science, and risk management regulations, the research contributes significant empirical evidence capturing the perspectives of risk managementpractitioners in terms of the strengths, the weaknesses and the effects of using standards in
PURPOSE: To assess the risk of self-fulfilling prophecy from withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WLST) in comatose cardiac arrest patients undergoing neuroprognostication.METHODS: Post-hoc multicentre study matching adults resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, in WLST-permitting cohorts (TTM and TTM2), and non-WLST-permitting cohorts (KORHN and ProNeCA). We matched patients in a 1:
Background: Racial differences in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) genomes have not yet been fully studied. We aimed to investigate transcriptomic, mutational, and clinical differences by race in a large multi-institutional cohort of men with mCRPC. Methods: Genomic and clinicopathologic data from four mCRPC tumor biopsy cohorts were obtained and aggregated. Gene set enrichm
