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This paper analyzes the relationship between three dimensions (economic, social, and political) of globalization and life expectancy using a panel of 92 countries covering the 1970–2005 period. Using different estimation techniques and sample groupings, we find that economic globalization has a robust positive effect on life expectancy, even when controlling for income, nutritional intake, literac

This work presents a new mathematical formulation of biologically effective dose (BED) for radiation therapy where effects of repair need to be considered. The formulation is based on the observation that the effects of repair, both during protracted irradiation and of incomplete repair between fractions, can be written using a convolution, i.e. [Formula: see text] where T is the total irradiation

Hydration free energy calculations are often used to validate molecular simulation methodologies and molecular mechanics force fields. We use the free-energy perturbation method together with the AMOEBA polarizable force field and the Poltype parametrization protocol to predict the hydration free energies of 52 molecules as part of the SAMPL4 blind challenge. For comparison, similar calculations a

Changes in pollen and spore assemblages across the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary elucidate the vegetation response to a global environmental crisis triggered by an asteroid impact in Mexico 66 Ma. The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary clay, associated with the Chicxulub asteroid impact event, constitutes a unique, global marker bed enabling comparison of the world-wide palynological signal span

Because of the continuous increases in lifetime expectancy, the incidence of age-related diseases will, unless counteracted, represent an increasing problem at both the individual and socioeconomic levels. Studies on the processes of blood cell formation have revealed several shortcomings as a consequence of chronological age. They include a reduced ability to mount adaptive immune responses and a

We investigate Newton's method for complex polynomials of arbitrary degree d, normalized so that all their roots are in the unit disk. For each degree d, we give an explicit set S-d of 3.33d log(2) d(1 + o(1)) points with the following universal property: for every normalized polynomial of degree d there are d starting points in S-d whose Newton iterations find all the roots with a low number of i

We present results from a search for gravitational-wave bursts in the data collected by the LIGO and Virgo detectors between July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010: data are analyzed when at least two of the three LIGO-Virgo detectors are in coincident operation, with a total observation time of 207 days. The analysis searches for transients of duration less than or similar to 1 s over the frequency ba

New evidence and consensus has led to further revision of the McDonald Criteria for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The use of imaging for demonstration of dissemination of central nervous system lesions in space and time has been simplified, and in some circumstances dissemination in space and time can be established by a single scan. These revisions simplify the Criteria, preserve their diagnos

We present the FERRUM Project, an international collaboration aiming at a production and evaluation of oscillator strengths (transition probabilities) of selected spectral lines of singly ionized iron group elements, that are of astrophysical relevance. The results obtained include measurements and calculations of permitted and forbidden lines of Fe II. The data have been applied to both emission

In this paper we describe an image-based approach to finding location-based information from camera-equipped mobile devices. We introduce a point-by-photograph paradigm, where users can specify a location simply by taking pictures. Our technique uses content-based image retrieval methods to search the web or other databases for matching images and their source pages to find relevant location-based

A method for calculating the wave load induced fatigue damage accumulated by a vessel sailing along the North Atlantic route (NAr) is presented. This method is based on the Palmgren-Miner additive rule and the rainflow cycle (RFC) count. For simplicity, the load the vessel experiences is assumed to be proportional to the encountered significant wave height process, H-s. The asymptotically normal c

OBJECTIVES: Neutrophils are activated and infiltrate the myocardium after ischemia and reperfusion. The involvement of neutrophils in irreversible reperfusion injury is suggested by numerous experimental studies. The aim of this study was to investigate markers of neutrophil activation following reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) accomplished with percutaneous coronary intervention (

We study the rapid decrease of peak gain in resonant-phonon THz Quantum Cascade Lasers with increasing temperature. The effect of various microscopic scattering processes on the gain profile as a function of temperature is discussed. We argue that increased broadening, prim arily due to increased impurity scattering, and not diminishing population inversion, is the main reason for the reduction o

Evacuation models generally include the use of distributions or probabilistic variables to simulate the variability of possible human behaviours. A single model setup of the same evacuation scenario may therefore produce a distribution of different occupant-evacuation time curves in the case of the use of a random sampling method. This creates an additional component of uncertainty caused by the i

The mechanisms of neuronal cell death are still only poorly understood, which has hindered the advancement of therapies for many currently untreatable neurodegenerative diseases. This calls for the development of new methods which reveal critical molecular mechanisms of the celldeath machinery with both high sensitivity and cellular resolution. Using animal models for hereditary neurodegeneration

In this contribution, a micro-mechanically motivated, energy relaxation-based constitutive model for phase transformation, martensite reorientation and twin formation in shape memory alloys is proposed. The formulation builds on an idealized parametrization of the austenite-twinned martensite microstructure through first- and second-order laminates. To estimate the effective rank-one convex energy

Context. The ESA space astrometry mission Gaia, planned to be launched in 2013, has been designed to make angular measurements on a global scale with micro-arcsecond accuracy. A key component of the data processing for Gaia is the astrometric core solution, which must implement an efficient and accurate numerical algorithm to solve the resulting, extremely large least-squares problem. The Astromet