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BACKGROUND: To benefit from available care and treatment options, patients should first be counselled and tested for HIV. Our aim was to assess the acceptability of HIV testing among tuberculosis patients under routine care conditions in south Ethiopia.METHODS: We interviewed all adult tuberculosis patients who were treated at Arba Minch Hospital in Ethiopia between January and August 2005. After
Drug use disorders (DUD) are associated with psychiatric illness and increased risks of suicide. We examined health care utilization prior to suicide in adults with DUD, which may reveal opportunities to prevent suicide in this high-risk population. A national cohort study was conducted of all 6,947,191 adults in Sweden, including 166,682 (2.4%) with DUD, who were followed up for suicide during 20
Introduction: Airway management is a critical component of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation. The primary aim of this study was to describe pre-hospital airway management in adult patients post-OHCA. Secondary aims were to investigate whether tracheal intubation (TI) versus use of supraglottic airway device (SGA) was associated with patients’ outcomes, including ventilator-free d
The Arctic is undergoing a shift toward a warmer and wetter climate. Recent experiments indicate that the carbon balance of subarctic wet tundra is sensitive to both summer warming and deeper snow. However, few studies have combined experimental data with process-oriented models to predict how the terrestrial carbon cycle will respond to future climate change. Here, we use CoupModel, a process-ori
Build a linear accelerator to demonstrate spallation – the source of high-energy neutrons used by the new European Spallation Source being built in Sweden.In this activity, we build a model of a linear accelerator (linac) called a Gauss cannon. It uses magnetic attraction and momentum transfer to accelerate a series of steel balls, representing protons. At the end of the track, one ‘proton’ will cBuild a linear accelerator to demonstrate spallation – the source of high-energy neutrons used by the new European Spallation Source being built in Sweden.In this activity, we build a model of a linear accelerator (linac) called a Gauss cannon. It uses magnetic attraction and momentum transfer to accelerate a series of steel balls, representing protons. At the end of the track, one ‘proton’ will c
Introduction: Postoperative delirium is a common complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Compromised regulation of the cerebral circulation may be a predisposing factor for delirium. However, the potential relationship between cerebrovascular reserve capacity and delirium is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if impaired cerebrovascular reserve capacity
Mutations in either mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear genes that encode mitochondrial proteins may lead to dysfunctional mitochondria, giving rise to mitochondrial diseases. Some mitochondrial myopathies, however, present without a known underlying cause. Interestingly, methylation of mtDNA has been associated with various clinical pathologies. The present study set out to assess whether mtDNA
Purpose: To analyse risk of vision impairment (VI) and blindness in adult foreign-born individuals and Swedish-born individuals. Methods: A nationwide study of individuals 18 years of age and older (N = 6,042,891; 2,902,918 men and 3,139,973 women) in Sweden. VI (in general) and blindness was defined as at least one registered diagnosis in the National Patient Register between January 1, 1998 and
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are structurally heterogeneous negatively charged polysaccharides. Endothelial GAGs, also known as glycocalyx, are involved in capillary permeability. In rat venules stimulated with proinflammatory substances ex vivo, the GAG-containing proteoglycan, syndecan-1, is shed from the endothelium. We wanted to investigate if we could trace the same response during septic shock
PURPOSE: To explore the prevalence of undetected bradyarrhythmia in a cohort of people with dementia with Lewy bodies.METHODS: Thirty participants diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies were enrolled from three memory clinics in southern Sweden between May 2021 and November 2022. None had a history of high-grade atrioventricular block or sick sinus syndrome. Each participant underwent orthostati
Objective High vitreous levels of soluble (s)CD163 have been demonstrated in severe diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of this study was to explore the predictive values of plasma sCD163 and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for DR progression in adults with type 1 diabetes. Methods and analyses The study design was prospective. Fundus photography performed in 2009 and at follow-up (≤12 years later) we
Rationale: Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is prescribed for at least 15 hours per day and often used by patients for several years, but knowledge is limited regarding adverse effects, risk exposures, and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) among those treated. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of adverse effects, smoking, and alcohol consumption and their relations to HrQoL among patient
A novel metabolomic method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to investigate serum metabolites in response to dietary Gln supplementation in piglets. Sixteen, 21-d-old pigs were weaned and assigned randomly to 2 isonitrogenous diets: 1) Gln diet, which contained 1% L-Gln (as-fed basis), and 2) control diet, which contained LAla to make this diet isonitrogenous with the Gln d
The Siljan region hosts Europe´s largest impact structure. The high-relief landscape, with a central granite dome bordered by lake basins, contains an array of glacial and shore-level landforms. We investigated its deglaciation history by mapping and analysing landforms on high resolution LiDAR-based Digital Surface Models coupled with well-dated sediment successions from peat and lake sediment co
Methanol (CH3OH) is an attractive alternative fuel that can reduce net carbon release and decrease pollutant emissions. In this study, methanol and n-dodecane spray flames were investigated using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) and direct coupling with finite-rate chemistry. The selected ambient conditions are relevant to engines and were previously unreported for numerical methanol spray studies, i.e
This study is of qualitative nature where the problem area, domestic violence, is analyzed through feminist theory, aided by a critical discourse analysis. The study aims to reveal if the discourse of an official report from the Swedish government, named SOU 2014:49, challenges or maintains a gender power order. This structure exists in the society and maintains men’s superiority to women and rein
Glacier retreat caused by global warming alters the hydrological regime and poses far-reaching challenges to water resources and nature conservation of the headwater of Yangtze River, and its vast downstream regions with dense population. However, there is still lack of a robust modeling framework of the “climate-glacier-streamflow” in this water tower region, to project the future changes of glac
