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There are currently several commercially available radiotherapy treatment units without a flattening filter in the beam line. Unflattened photon beams have an energy and lateral fluence distribution that is different from conventional beams and, thus, their attenuation properties differ. As a consequence, for flattening filter free (FFF) beams, the relationship between the beam-quality specifier T
Background: The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and pancreatic cancer has been investigated in three previous studies with contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between H. pylori seropositivity and the risk for pancreatic cancer in a nested case-control study within a population based cohort. Methods: Selected birth- year cohorts
Dose conversion coefficients relating the kerma free-in-air to effective dose have been studied. In order to do so a sampling scheme encompassing all the risk organs and tissues was developed for the Alderson RANDO phantom. Preliminary results are shown for some specific organs irradiated with a point source in the laboratory.
This paper aims at validation of an iterative receiver for multiple-input multiple-output with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems using real-measurement channel data from an indoor scenario. The receiver performs iterative multi-user detection (MUD) and Channel Estimation (CE) via soft information from the single- user decoders. The channel measurements were performed f
Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning and research materials available on the Internet. Resources are open and free, and usually under creative commons licenses (cc). Depending on the licenses resources are allowed to be used, reused, transmitted, and also sold openly and freely. Internationally, the OER movement is very strong. In Sweden, however, the trend towards open publicat
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are very common and almost inevitable in an individual's lifetime. Enabling self-management and allowing the individual to take responsibility for care is stated as desired in the management of these disorders, but this may be asking more than people can generally manage. A willingness among people to take responsibility for musculoskeletal disorders and not p
Perivascular adult stem cells have been isolated from several tissues, including the adult human brain. They have unique signatures resembling both pericytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Understanding the nature of these cells in their specific vascular niches is important to determine their clinical potential as a new adult stem cell source. Indeed, they have promising features in vitro in terms o
There is a growing scientific consensus that limiting the increase in global average temperature to around 2 C above pre-industrial levels is necessary to avoid unacceptable impact on the climate system. This requires that the developed countries' emissions are radically reduced during the next 40 years. Energy scenario studies provide insights on the societal transitions that might be implied by
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differences in risk factor profiles between lacunar and other ischemic stroke subtypes may provide evidence for a distinct lacunar arteriopathy, but existing studies have limitations. We overcame these by pooling individual data on 2875 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke from 5 collaborating prospective stroke registers that used similar, unbiased methods to define ri
As new technologies emerge such as wearables, it opens up for new challenges, especially related to security and privacy. One such recent technology is smart glasses. The use of glasses introduces security and privacy concerns for the general public but also for the user itself. In this paper we present ongoing theoretical work which focus on privacy of the user during authentication. We propose a
Telychian to Sheinwoodian conodonts (Pterospathodus eopennatus ssp. n. 1 Zone through the Ozarkodina sagitta rhenana Superzone) were studied in detail for their oxygen isotope composition. The Upper Kockelella ranuliformis and Ozarkodina sagitta rhenana Zones represent the peak interval of the Sheinwoodian positive δ18Oapatite excursion reflecting the coolest conditions with marine sea–water tempe
Phytase (EC 3.1.3.-) hydrolyzes phytate (IP6) present in cereals and grains to release inorganic phosphate (Pi), thereby making it bioavailable. The most commonly used method to assay phytase, developed nearly a century ago, measures the Pi liberated from IP6. This traditional end point assay is time consuming and well known for its cumbersomeness in addition to requiring extra caution for handlin
Dermatan sulfate (DS) is a highly sulfated polysaccharide with a variety of biological functions in extracellular matrix organization and processes such as tumorigenesis and wound healing. A distinct feature of DS is the presence of iduronic acid, produced by the two enzymes, DS-epimerase 1 and 2, which are encoded by Dse and Dsel, respectively.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has been considered radiation-resistant, and radiotherapy is recommended only for palliation of bone metastases in current treatment guidelines. No registered prospective trial has evaluated GIST responsiveness to radiotherapy.
We compared the Q10 relationship for root-derived respiration (including respiration due to the root, external mycorrhizal mycelium and rhizosphere microorganisms) with that of mainly external ectomycorrhizal mycelium and that of bulk soil microorganisms without any roots present. This was studied in a microcosm consisting of an ectomycorrhizal Pinus muricata seedling growing in a sandy soil, and
Objectives. To compare the outcome of a microwave thermotherapy feedback system that is based on intraprostatic temperature measurement during treatment (ProstaLund Feedback Treatment or PLFT) with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a randomized controlled multicenter study. The safety of the two methods was also investigated. Methods.
Characterization of the count-rate performance of scintillation cameras should include not only the specification of count losses. At high count rates, there is also an image distortion due to the mispositioning of pile-up events. In this paper a simple and clinically relevant procedure to quantify this distortion is presented. The images of a square uniform technetium-99m phantom at high and low
The tremendous amount of multimedia applications running across the wireless communication medium makes quality of service (QoS) a fundamental requirement for mobile ad hoc networks. However, it is not easy to incorporate QoS into these networks. Moreover, the growing number of group-oriented applications also necessitates the efficient utilisation of network resources. The multicast model is a pr
A superdeformed rotational structure is reported in the stable nucleus Zn-68. It has a transition quadrupole moment (Q(t)) of 2.5(-0.4)(+0.7) e b (beta(2) approximate to 0.4), as measured by the residual Doppler shift method. Theoretical calculations suggest that two different configurations are possible candidates for this band. One is built without h(11/2) neutrons, as seen in superdeformed band
In the microelectronics industry, gold electrodes on silicon dioxide are produced using an adhesive layer of chromium or titanium. This method is applicable whenever a dry environment is present. However, when such an electrode is exposed to an electrolyte a galvanic cell is formed and the less noble metal will dissolve and eventually destroy the electrode. We describe here how a monolayer of merc
