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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka tolkningen av art. 6.3-4 habitatdirektivet. Syftet är även att ge synpunkter i frågan om tolkningen följs i svensk rättstillämpning. Direktivets syfte är att bidra till att säkerställa den biologiska mångfalden genom bevarande av livsmiljöer samt vilda djur och växter på medlemsstaternas europeiska territorium som omfattas av fördraget (art. 2.1 habitatdirThe aim of this essay is to examine the interpretation of art. 6.3-4 of the Habitats Directive. It is also to comment on whether Swedish case law is consistent with this interpretation. The aim of the Directive is to contribute towards ensuring bio-diversity through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the European territory of the Member States to which the Treaty a

Buildings account for a significant portion of energy consumption and carbon dioxide production in the United States. Renovations could improve the energy efficiency of these buildings. However, a number of market barriers, e.g. high upfront costs, are resulting in a low adoption rate of energy efficiency (EE) technologies in the building sector. Apartment buildings face an additional challenge of

Prostitutionen och lagstiftningen kring den har varit och är ett ämne för ständig debatt. När Sverige 1999 införde en kriminalisering som endast riktade sig mot köparen var en sådan lösning den första av sitt slag i världen. Kriminaliseringen hade föregåtts av en lång debatt och återkommande var frågan vilken effekt en kriminalisering skulle ha i praktiken. Farhågor för en försämrad situation förProstitution and the legislation of it is a subject for constant debate. When Sweden in the year of 1999 introduced a criminalization that only targeted the buyer, it was the first country in the world to do so. The criminalization had been preceded by a long debate, where the question of possible effects of the law in practice constantly was present. Evident were the concerns of a possible impair

Trenden med virtuellt arbete och arbete hemifrån har snabbt accelererats av Covid-19-pandemin. De huvudsakliga frågorna för denna studie var huruvida de fem stora personlighetsfaktorerna kunde förutsäga individens upplevda nivåer av arbetsengagemang och balans i arbetslivet kring deras hemarbete, i nuläget och under perioden av det senaste året. Detta gjordes genom ett online-frågeformulär med skaThe trend of virtual work and work from home have been rapidly accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The main questions for this study were whether the five major personality factors could predict the individual's perceived levels of work engagement and work life balance during work from home, at present and over time. The relationships were tested using scales for big five personality traits,

Kännetecknande för aktiebolagsformen är aktieägarnas avsaknad av personligt ansvar. Detta skapar även förutsättningar för en intressekonflikt mellan aktiebolagets ägare och dess borgenärer där synen på samt incitamenten till såväl investeringar som risktagande kan skilja sig åt. Kapitalskyddssystemet utgör en central del av det aktiebolagsrättsliga borgenärsskyddet och kan betraktas som lagstiftarThe limited liability company is characterised by the shareholders’ lack of personal liability. This also forms the basis of a conflict between the owners of the company and the creditors of the company, whose approaches and incentives for investments as well as risk-taking may diverge. The legal capital regime constitutets a core part of creditor protection under company law and can be considered

In the period between 1940s and 1970s the widespread practice in Sweden was to use non-stainless steel reinforcement in masonry walls. In many cases cracks started to appear in joints above openings in these walls because of corrosion of the reinforcement. The largest problem is that the appearance of damaged buildings deteriorates and there is a risk of bricks falling down and rain water penetrat

The formation of ESDP (European Security and Defense Policy) is one of the most important building blocks shaping the European security structure and the European integration process since the beginning of the 21st century. Even though the integration engine was injured by the rejection of the European Constitutional Treaty in France and the Netherlands, the ESDP can be seen as currently one of th

Sammanfattning: Syfte: Hur MiFID förändrar marknadsstrukturen för värdepappershandel och hur detta avspeglas i mäklarhusens kostnadsstruktur och slutkundens framtida courtage? Metod: Vi har främst använt oss av en kvalitativ studie med en deduktiv ansats, som har använts för att finna en slutsats till vårt syfte. Undersökningsdesignen är en studie som innehåller utlåtande och intervjuer med releva

If the rules of the Swedish Marketing practices act are violated, there are different sanctions to apply. The ordinary sanction is to forbid the marketing with a fine, which means that the marketing company has to pay an amount of money if he doesn´t stop the prohibited act of marketing. Another sanction, which is much more unusual, is the disturbance fee. This sanction is connected to a line of v

Designing hardware using High Level Synthesis automates parts of the digital hardware design process. By automating the process control is passed from the designer to the tool, thus it is highly important that the tool generates high performance hardware in terms of area and speed. This thesis explores the tool performance of Vivado HLS using two designs implemented anew with High Level Synthesis

Målet med Miljöbalken (1998:808) är att främja en hållbar utveckling och att tillförsäkra levande och kommande generationer en hälsosam och god livsmiljö. I 2 kap. MB återfinns de allmänna hänsynsreglerna. Reglerna är utformade på sådant sätt att de ska tillämpas inom ramarna för vad som anses rimligt enligt 2 kap. 7 § MB. Alla tänkbara verksamheter som inverkar på miljön menligt ska ska föregåsThe purpose of the Swedish Environmental Code is to provide a sustainable development and assure the prosperity for present and future generations with regards to public health and wellbeing. Within the second chapter of the Swedish Environmental Code the rules of consideration are found. The rules were crafted in such a manner that they are meant to be applicable under the scope of what is consi

Uttrycket "fastighetspaketeringar" avser ett förfarande där en fastighet inför en kommande försäljning ”förpackas” in i ett helägt dotterbolag vartefter andelarna i dotterbolaget avyttras till en extern köpare. Genom att nyttja olika delar av lagstiftningen kan både säljaren och köparen undvika beskattningskonsekvenser. I förarbetena identifierade lagstiftaren möjligheten att paketera vä“Packaging of properties” (Sw: paketeringar av fastigheter) refers to a procedure frequently used instead of a regular property transfer when a real estate is to be sold. The real estate is first transferred to a newly established and fully owned subsidiary. Later, the shares in the subsidiary are sold to the external buyer. By using different parts of the tax legislation this method can allow bot

Det försämrade säkerhetspolitiska läget har gjort att utländska direktinvesteringar – som tidigare främst betraktats bidra till nationell kapitaltillväxt – numera anses utgöra en potentiell säkerhetsrisk. Som en följd av detta antog EU år 2019 en förordning som gav medlemsstaterna befogenhet att införa nationella granskningssystem för att hindra skadliga utländska direktinvesteringar i säkerhetskäThe current global security situation has led to foreign direct investments – once primarily seen as contributing to national economic growth – to increasingly be viewed as a potential security risk. In response, the EU adopted a regulation in 2019 granting Member States the authority to establish national screening systems to block harmful foreign investments in certain sensitive sectors. Sweden

Background: In today’s changing retail landscape, traditional business models are becoming rapidly outdated, signalling the end of traditional retail. Shopping centre owners need to remain agile and willing to re-evaluate their business models, as emerging technologies and changing consumer behaviours are reshaping the retail industry. Only those who have taken notice of these changes and challeng

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the mechanical response of paperboard in the out-of-plane direction by incorporating its microstructural characteristics, with a particular focus on fiber-fiber interactions and fracture mechanisms. These features are implemented into models of varying complexity to evaluate their influence on material behavior. Two fracture modeling techniques, the Extend

Bladder cancer remains a prevalent and deadly cancer form worldwide. While immunotherapy has yielded significant progress, additional therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the response in bladder cancer patients. A novel immune cell target, referred to as “protein X”, has previously been identified in Lundberg’s lab. Antibodies developed against protein X were provided to us, with the aim o

Adaptation strategies can backfire and cause maladaptive outcomes, yet this is an understudied area in Swedish adaptation work, and a conceptually challenging theme with potential justice implications. The study explored the potential existence of maladaptation in Swedish municipalities in the Motala ström catchment area in collaboration with the FairWater research project, through conducting 18 q

Price and output stabilities determine the success of monetary policy in either economy. This paper briefly examines the monetary policy strategies of three developed countries (USA, UK, Sweden) and three developing countries (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan). It is found that the developed countries follow some rule-based monetary policy whereas the developing countries with ill-organised monetary sy