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The aim of this thesis is to establish whether a neural network (NN) can be used for emulation of simulated global crop production - retrieved from the computationally demanding dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS). It has been devoted to elaboration with various types of neural network architectures: Branched NNs capable of processing in

Bitcoin mining is an industry which for many years has been criticized for its electricity consumption, which globally today equals roughly that of small countries such as Sweden, and its subsequent contribution to climate change. However, electricity consumption does not by default equals greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and not many studies have been done on the subject with a focus on Sweden, he

Under de senaste åren har efterfrågan på textilier ökat och andelen textilavfall som återvinns är i dagsläget liten vilket har lett till en ökad miljöpåverkan. Det finns därmed ett behov av nya återvinningsprocesser för textilier, där en möjlighet är att de-polymerisera cellulosa-baserade textilier till glukos genom en alkalisk förbehandling, följt av enzymatisk hydrolys. Att integrera textilåtervOver the past years there has been an increased environmental impact due to an increased textile demand. Only a small fraction of waste textiles is recycled today which indicates a requirement for new textile-recycling processes, where one possibility would be to depolymerize cellulose-based textiles into glucose, with an alkaline pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Due to a high energy

The usage of wind turbines during the latest years has grown substantially and are becoming an increasingly important source of renewable energy, as many countries are trying to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. In order to increase the effect of the wind turbines the length of the blades has been increased, which has also led to an increase of the cross-section dimensions. This has led to ma

Frågan huruvida det kan medges avdrag för ingående mervärdesskatt på råd-givningstjänster som hänför sig till planering av avyttring av dotterbolagsak-tier har var prövats ett flertal gånger. Uppfattningen i tidigare rättspraxis har varit att anskaffning av rådgivningstjänster i samband med aktieavyttringar inte kan medges avdragsrätt. Detta grundar sig i att kostnaderna för rådgiv-ningstjänsternaThe question of whether input VAT on advisory services relating to the plan-ning of the disposal of shares in a subsidiary can be deducted has been exam-ined several times. The view of previous case law has been that the acquisition of advisory services in connection with share disposals cannot be deducted. This is based on the fact that the costs of advisory services are too closely linked to sha

En betydande del av alla offentliga upphandlingar leder till upprättandet av ramavtal. Denna avtalsform anses vara att föredra vid tillfällen då den upphandlande myndigheten har svårighet att på förhand avgöra vilken volym som kommer behövas, vid vilken tidpunkt leveransen ska ske samt vid osäkerhet kring den exakta utformningen av kontraktsföremålet. 2014 godkände Europaparlamentet tre nya direkA considerable part of all public procurements leads to the establishment of a framework agreement. This form of agreement is considered to be preferable at times when the contracting authority has difficulty to determine the volume that will be needed, at which point delivery is to take place and in the case of uncertainty about the exact framing of the subject- matter of the contract. In 2014,

Due to the globalization with free labour transfer, migrant workers are unavoidably the most targeted group for human trafficking business. Trafficking in persons is a global issue because of its engagement with the international organized crime. Apart from that, as the Protocol on Trafficking in Persons has been in force since 2003, States have turned their attention to the issue and many of them

Samhall har utfört sitt kärnuppdrag, att utveckla och rehabilitera personer med funktionshinder, sedan innan Sverige gick med i EU, och det är inte förvånade att det finns frågetecken kring hur den merkostnadsersättning företaget erhåller förhåller sig till EU:s statsstödsregler. De EU-rättsliga kraven på stöd som medlemsstaterna utger har vidare utvecklats och preciserats under de senaste åren, sSamhall has been carrying out its main assignment to provide development opportunities for and rehabilitate people with disabilities since before Sweden became a member of the EU. With that in mind it is hardly surprising that there are questions as to whether the aid that Samhall receives for carrying out this assignment complies with the EU state aid laws. In recent years the concept services of

The fashion industry is currently operating at high levels of material throughput leading to global annual emissions reaching a staggering 4 metric gigatons of CO2e. Almost reaching the levels of the entire EU-28 in 2015 of 4.45 metric gigatons. As consumption levels could increase by as much as 63% by 2030 there is urgency to address the situation. The application of Circular Economy (CE) princip

Allt eftersom vår förståelse om vår egen miljöpåverkan förändras, så förändras också begräns- ningsstrategierna vi använder för att förhindra och motverka dem. En viktig källa till antropo- gena utsläpp är avloppsvatten eftersom det innehåller patogener, näringsämnen, och mikroför- oreningar. Ett skifte mot källsorterat avloppsvatten under de senaste åren har öppnat dörren för att anpassa och fokuAs our understanding of the impact humans have on the environment changes, so too do the mitigation strategies we employ to prevent it. One major source of anthropogenic pollution is wastewater effluent. A shift towards source separation of wastewater into different streams in recent years has opened a door to tailor treatment to specific types of water. The largest propor- tion of domestic wastew

Unga lagöverträdare har sedan länge särbehandlats inom svensk straffrätt. Grunden för särbehandlingen bygger på unga lagöverträdares mognad, sanktionskänslighet och tolerans från samhället. Särbehandlingen är som mest omfattande för personer under 15 år och sträcker sig upp till 20 år. Under senare år har särbehandlingen av unga lagöverträdare varit under politisk diskussion och 2021 beslutade lYoung offenders have been treated different from other offenders within the Swedish criminal law system since decades ago. This is because of young offender’s maturity, sensitivity against sanctions and tolerance from society. The difference in treatment is most noticeable for individuals under the age of 15 but can as well be seen up to the age of 20. The special treatment of young offenders has

Ciliate assemblages play a significant role in the microbial food web. The effects of environmental temperature on assemblage composition may be influenced by abiotic factors such as seasonality and disturbance, but the effects of temperature on ciliate assemblages found on different substrata have not been explored. Sandy bottoms and submerged rocks harbour dissimilar ciliate assemblages, and it

Wireless adhoc networks transmit information from a source to a destination via multiple hops in order to save energy and, thus, increase the lifetime of battery-operated nodes. The energy savings can be especially significant in cooperative transmission schemes, where several nodes cooperate during one hop to forward the information to the next node along a route to the destination. Finding the b

This is the report of a master thesis in Mechanical Engineering with Industrial Design at Lund Institute of Technology, in collaboration with Dresser Wayne AB in Malmö. This master thesis aims to develop and design a new compact pay terminal for use at gas stations. Before the end of 2010 a new standard for credit card handling will be introduced in most of Europe. This new standard is called EM

Background: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are xenobiotics with the ability to interfere with hormone action, even at low levels. Prior environmental epidemiology studies link numerous suspected EDCs, including phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, results for some chemicals were inconsistent and most assessed one chemical at a time. Objectives:

Evading predators is a fundamental aspect of the ecology and evolution of all prey animals. In studying the influence of prey traits on predation risk, previous researchers have shown that crypsis reduces attack rates on resting prey, predation risk increases with increased prey activity, and rapid locomotion reduces attack rates and increases chances of surviving predator attacks. However, eviden

The Amazon rainforest is highly biodiverse and has the largest extent of the remaining intact tropical forests in the world. To this day, undisturbed tropical forests act as a carbon sink by taking up about 15% of anthropogenic carbon emissions per year. However, in the past decades, a declining trend in the carbon sink capacity in the Amazon rainforest has been observed due to increased carbon lo

Tree roots and their fungal symbionts mediate the response of rhizosphere soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition to climate warming, specifically the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration (Q10), which is a critical parameter for projecting the magnitude of terrestrial soil C-climate feedbacks. However, the intensity of the rhizosphere effects (RE; rhizosphere soils vs. bulk soils)