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Objectives To obtain reference data representative of normal findings at anal endosonography in pregnant and non-pregnant women. To determine intraobserver and interobserver agreement in the detection of endosonographic anal sphincter defects in asymptomatic women. Methods Twenty-five non-pregnant nulliparous women and 25 non-pregnant parous women (age range, 20-67 years) and 47 pregnant women (a
In this study latent heat flux (E) measurements made at 65 boreal and arctic eddy-covariance (EC) sites were analyses by using the Penman-Monteith equation. Sites were stratified into nine different ecosystem types: harvested and burnt forest areas, pine forests, spruce or fir forests, Douglas-fir forests, broadleaf deciduous forests, larch forests, wetlands, tundra and natural grasslands. The Pen
The UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 states that access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy should be provided for all by 2030. The effects on socioeconomic development by access to safe, affordable, and clean electricity stands out as educational benefits, income improvement, and health progress. However, the electrification rate has been slow for sub-Saharan Africa and
Current distance measurement techniques for pulse wave velocity (PWV) calculation are susceptible to intercenter variability. The aim of this study was to derive and validate a formula for this distance measurement. Based on carotid femoral distance in 1183 whole-body magnetic resonance angiograms, a formula was derived for calculating distance. This was compared with distance measurements in 128
Popular Abstract in Swedish Till ryggmärgen kommer känselinformation om vad som händer med kroppen. Denna information använder vi sedan för att kunna korrigera våra rörelser. Många av dessa korrektioner utförs mer eller mindre självständigt av nervkretsar belägna i ryggmärgen. Att snabbt omvandla dessa känselsignaler till muskelaktivitet är oerhört komplicerat och beräkningskrävande eftersom kroppDuring development, information about the three-dimensional shape and mechanical properties of the body is laid down in the synaptic connectivity of sensorimotor systems through adaptive mechanisms. In spinal reflex systems, this enables the fast transformation of complex sensory information into adequate correction of movements. In this thesis, it is shown, in a computer simulation, that an unsup
Popular Abstract in Swedish Smärta är en varningssignal vid vävnadskada. En speciell grupp av receptorer i huden är känsliga för skadlig stimulering och kallas för nociceptorer. Signalerna från dessa ”smärtreceptorer” leds via två fibertyper till ryggmärgen. Beröringssignaler förmedlas via andra typer. I ryggmärgen bearbetas information och skickas vidare till reflexkretsar och hjärnan. Hjärnan i Recent studies indicate that experience dependent mechanisms shape the pain system during the development. In view of that painful stimuli are rare during development it is not clear how this is accomplished. In this thesis it is confirmed, using a battery of sensory deprivations in the rat, that the development of an essential component of the pain system, the nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWR
The global company operates from a number of locations worldwide, which entails geographical distances and logistical implications for product and parts transported, as well as the choice of product variety because of numerable worldwide consumer preferences. In these companies, packaging becomes a frequently used object to complement product features and achieve an effective and efficient means o
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen syftar till att utifrån 11-åriga barns berättelser om sina familjer och hur de själva uppfattar sina familjer och sin fostran beskriva, analysera, förstå och tolka villkoren för denna fostrans- och socialisationsprocess samtidigt som den pågår. Forskningsproblemet kan formuleras: hur och vad uppfattar och berättar barn om sina upplevelser av familjeliv och The thesis aims to describe, analyse and interpret the conditions of the upbringing process and the socialization process in a group of eleven-year-olds while the process is still ongoing, and to do this with the help of the eleven-year-olds? narrations about their families and about how the children themselves view their families and their upbringing. The research approach is inspired by phenomen
In this study, the spatial representativeness of eddy covariance (EC) methane (CH4) measurements was examined by comparing parallel CH4 fluxes from three short (6 m) towers separated by a few kilometres and from two higher levels (20 m and 60 m) at one location. The measurement campaign was held on an intensively managed grassland on peat soil in the Netherlands. The land use and land cover types
Popular Abstract in Swedish Beräkningsmässigt skalar många av de klassiska metoderna inom spatiell statistik kubiskt med antalet observationer, vilket är opraktiskt om datamängderna är stora. I de traditionella tillämpningarna av statistik på spatiella datamänger begränsades ofta antalet observationer på grund av höga mätkostnader och metodernas beräkningskomplexitet inte sällan ett problem. NumerThe focus of this work is on the development of new random field models and methods suitable for the analysis of large environmental data sets. A large part is devoted to a number of extensions to the newly proposed Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) approach for representing Gaussian fields using Gaussian Markov Random Fields (GMRFs). The method is based on that Gaussian Matérn fie
BACKGROUND: Patients with inflammatory joint diseases tend due to new treatments to be more physically active; something not taken into account by currently used outcome measures. The Rheumatoid and Arthritis Outcome Score (RAOS) is an adaptation of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and evaluates functional limitations of importance to physically active people with inflammato
The point of departure for See and Seen text, website and exhibition) is the conventions of the Ideal Landscapes painted in Rome during the 17th century by artists such as Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin. In 18th century England this translated into a particular gaze that became the fashion for how, and the parameters within which, the landscape was to be seen and that subsequently gave rise to
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ordet "fängelse" ger mångfaldiga och motstridiga associationer; till höga murar och gallerförsedda fönster, till inspärrning, straff och farliga brottslingar men också till förtryck, utstötthet och trasiga människor. De svenska fängelserna växte fram under 1800-talet och var en del i en internationell trend. Fängelset framställdes som ett stort humanitärt och straffrättThe general aim of the thesis is to study 19th century Swedish prisons from the point of view of the surrounding discourse and also as a social system. The prison phenomenon grew out of the meeting between prisons as a discourse-produced norm system and the social practice consisting of the reality as experienced by the prisoners and the prison staff. The growth and development of the Swedish pris
Field-based thermal infrared cameras provide surface temperature information at very high spatial and temporal resolution and could complement existing phenological camera and spectral sensor networks. Since temperature is one of the main drivers of ecosystem respiration (ER), field-based thermal cameras offer a new opportunity to model and upscale ER in unprecedented detail. We present such an ap
Increased physical activity can have health benefits among inactive individuals. In Sweden, the healthcare system uses physical activity on prescription (PAP) to motivate patients to increase their physical activity level. Mindfulness may further heighten the internal motivation to engage in physical activity. However, previous research has not demonstrated clear evidence of such an association.AI
BACKGROUND: A long-term trend of increasing mental health problems among adolescents in many Western countries indicates a great need to investigate if and how societal changes have contributed to the reported increase. Using seven waves of repeated cross-sectional data collected between 1988 and 2008 in Sweden, the current study examined if economic factors at the societal level (municipality une
BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing longevity of the world's population, with an unprecedented rise in the number of people who need palliative care (PC), there has been sparse research regarding palliative care for older people, especially when it comes to comparison of PC between healthcare systems and cultures. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to identify the characteristics of the
Insect migration redistributes enormous quantities of biomass, nutrients and species globally. A subset of insect migrants perform extreme long-distance journeys, requiring specialized morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. The migratory globe skimmer dragonfly (Pantala flavescens) is hypothesized to migrate from India across the Indian Ocean to East Africa in the autumn, with a
