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Large-scale bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass will require high solids loading in the enzymatic hydrolysis step. However, slurries of pretreated lignocelluloses are complex fluids due to the fibrous nature, especially at high concentrations of water insoluble solids (WIS). A prerequisite for dealing with transport issues and for developing efficient full-scale processes is a funda
Although flying insects have limited visual acuity (approx. 1°) and relatively small brains, many species pursue tiny targets against cluttered backgrounds with high success. Our previous computational model, inspired by electrophysiological recordings from insect 'small target motion detector' (STMD) neurons, did not account for several key properties described from the biological system. These i
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen pressenterar resultat från fyra studerade områden; En undersökning av hur nya kolvrörelser (volym-vevvinkel relationer) påverkar utsläpp, effekt och verkningsgrad; En undersökning av hur kväveoxid påverkar självantändning och knack; En undersökning av hur vätgas och reformerad metanol (RMG) kan utnyttjas som bränsle, dels i vanliga tändstiftsantända (SI) moThe results presented in this thesis can be divided into four areas of investigation: Investigation of the effect of new volume-crank angle relations on engine emissions, power and efficiency; investigation of nitrogen oxides effect on auto ignition and knock in SI engines; investigation of premixed SI and HCCI engine operation with the alternative fuels hydrogen and reformed methanol gas (RMG); s
The purpose of this thesis is to provide a contextual and legal analysis on the exclusion of transgender individuals from employment in the formal economy. The chosen research design was a case study, in which the city of São Paulo is examined. Through a qualitative analysis, this study subscribed to the Social Exclusion framework (Jehoel-Gijsbers and Vrooman, 2007) in order to investigate such ex
Ensamrätten till ett varumärke är en dynamisk rätt, där skyddsomfånget förändras över tid. Skyddsomfånget avgörs utefter graden av särskiljningsförmåga, vilket innebär ett varumärkes förmåga att särskilja varumärkesinnehavarens varor eller tjänster från andra näringsidkares varor eller tjänster. Vid varumärkesregistrering är särskiljningsförmåga ett absolut krav. Är fallet så att ett varumärke helA trademark right is a dynamic right, where the scope of protection alters over time. The scope of protection is determined according to the degree of distinctiveness, which means the trademark’s ability to distinguishing the goods and services of one trader from the goods and services of another. A trademark must be capable of distinguishing to be registered. If a trademark has completely lost it
Specialist plant species in calcareous sandy grasslands are threatened by acidification and high nutrient levels in the topsoil. We investigated whether topsoil removal and soil perturbation in degraded sandy grasslands could lead to establishment of specialist species belonging to the threatened xeric sand calcareous grassland habitat. Restoration actions performed in 2006 resulted in increased s
Stable isotope analysis provides a powerful tool for describing the energetic pathways in a variety of ecosystems. However, isotope ratios of animal tissues can be altered by preservation methods, potentially leading to biased estimates of energy pathways when they are not taken into account. Here, we investigated the direct preservation effects of formalin, ethanol, NaCl, and drying on the delta
Popular Summary Wildfire events are expected to increase with the changing climate; thereby increasing atmospheric, economic, and human health impacts. A better understanding of the evolution of wildfire events can benefit regional meteorology models and global atmospheric models. Because of this, an attempt at modeling the evolution of wildfire was undertaken using 8 years of daily meteorologica
Among the parameters to take into account in the design of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the energy conversion efficiency and material cost are very important. Understanding in deep the behavior and properties of functional layers at the microscale is helpful for improving the performance of the system and find alternative materials. The functional layers of the PEMFC, i.e., the ga
This paper represents an endeavor to describe the ways in which the United States Government currently is responding to growing changes in public opinion – running counter to existing policies – with regards to drugs, most specifically to marijuana, and to therein establish the context of the debate over drug policy. The paper is not, however, a critique of any particular policy, or an attempt to
The Russian Federation decided in late 2012 to ban adoptions to the United States. The adoption ban has been criticized from several directions for being motivated politically and that it did not take into account the children who were waiting for an adoption to the United States. Children who go through an adoption are often found in an unusually vulnerable position. Not only have they lost their
Advanced preservation injury (PI) after intestinal transplantation has deleterious short-and long-term effects and constitutes a major research topic. Logistics and costs favor rodent studies, whereas clinical translation mandates studies in larger animals or using human material. Despite diverging reports, no direct comparison between the development of intestinal PI in rats, pigs, and humans is
Arguably among the most globally impactful climate changes in Earth's past million years are the glacial terminations that punctuated the Pleistocene epoch. With the acquisition and analysis of marine and continental records, including ice cores, it is now clear that the Earth's climate was responding profoundly to changes in greenhouse gas
The paper presents an outline of the CHEMDROP field experiment, carried out in November 1994 at the field station of S. Pietro Capofiume in the Po Valley, Italy. The main objective of the project was to address the issue of the size-dependent chemical composition of fog droplets, by experimentally investigating the following processes, which are expected to affect (or be affected by) the chemical
Objective: The atrioventricular (AV) node plays a central role in atrial fibrillation (AF) as it influences the conduction of impulses from the atria into the ventricles. In the present paper, the statistical dual pathway AV node model, previously introduced by us, is modified so that it accounts for atrial impulse pathway switching even if the preceding impulse did not cause a ventricular activat
Expanding now familiar debates about the impact of the 'historical turn' upon the field of international law, this article considers some of the different ways in which 'turn to history' scholars have confronted the methodological and theoretical tensions arising from the central, yet paradoxical, role occupied by the sources doctrine in international law. We suggest that the anxiety over the sour
The European Union adopted the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in the year 2000 to tackle the rapid degradation of freshwater systems. However, biological, hydromorphological, and physico-chemical water quality targets are currently not met, and identifying successful policy implementation and management actions is of key importance. We built a joint species distribution model for riverine fish in
Is audit capable of evolving into something that is more consistently valued and socially purposeful? We address this fundamental question, utilizing Sennett’s (2008). The Craftsman. New Haven: Yale University Press) notion of ‘dynamic repair’ to present four key ways of thinking differently about the statutory financial audit and its core conceptual foundations. First, we highlight the capacity f
