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Lagstiftarens uppfattning beträffande avtal har under lång tid präglats av principen om avtalsfrihet och att avtal ska hållas. Därmed har det ansetts vara upp till parterna själva att tillvarata sina egna intressen. Avtalslagen är allmänt hållen i enlighet med lagstiftarens syfte, vilket har resulterat i att rättstillämpningen inte sällan fått hantera och fylla i de luckor som förblivit oregleradeThe legislator’s view concerning agreements has long been characterized by the principle of contractual freedom and that agreements must be kept. Thus, it has been considered up to the parties themselves to take advantage of their own interests. Even if the law of contract is generally in accordance with the purpose of the legislature, it has resulted in the application of law not often being able

Long-term records of environmental history at decadal to millennial time-scales enable an assessment of ecosystem variability and responses to past anthropogenic disturbances and are fundamental for the development of environmental management strategies. This study examines the local variability of land-use history in the South Swedish Uplands over the last 200 years based on pollen records from t

Natural resource management requires approaches to understand and handle sources of uncertainty in future responses of complex systems to human activities. Here we present one such approach, the "biological ensemble modeling approach,'' using the Eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias) as an example. The core of the approach is to expose an ensemble of models with different ecological assumpti

Background: There is an association between a greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet and a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases. However, it is not clear whether this dietary pattern may be protective also against the development of obesity. Objective: We assessed the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP), prospective weight change, and the incidenc

Seminar date: 2018-05-31 Course: BUSN79 Business Administration: Degree Project in Accounting and Finance, 15 credits Authors: Linnea Lövgren and Magdalena Stevens Advisor: Amanda Sonnerfeldt Five key words: Professional service firms (PSFs), value creation, technological development, competence, audit. Purpose: The overall purpose of this thesis is to provide deeper knowledge and provide a c

After several years of disussions, tests, investigations and additional tests, the suppliers and retailers within the Swedish business sector for food and commodities formed a jointly owned, non-profit company in 1997, which subsequently started in physical operations in 2000. This company, Svenska Retursystem AB (www.retursystem.se), is now responsible for introducing returnable transport packagi

Spectral editing with CP and INEPT in (13)C MAS NMR enables identification of rigid and mobile molecular segments in concentrated assemblies of surfactants, lipids, and/or proteins. In order to get stricter definitions of the terms "rigid" and "mobile", as well as resolving some ambiguities in the interpretation of CP and INEPT data, we have developed a theoretical model for calculating the CP and

A study of the performance of five commercial radiotherapy treatment planning systems ( TPSs) for common treatment sites regarding their ability to model heterogeneities and scattered photons has been performed. The comparison was based on CT information for prostate, head and neck, breast and lung cancer cases. The TPSs were installed locally at different institutions and commissioned for clinica

Objective. To study to what extent geographical differences of the mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) can be accounted for by the 28-day case fatality rate (CFR) following first hospital admittance for acute myocardial infarction (MI) and whether the geographical pattern of survival has any relationship with socio-economic circumstances. Design. Register-based surveillance study. Setting

Several previous studies have demonstrated that severe hypoglycemia is accompanied by consumption of endogenous brain substrates (glycolytic and citric acid cycle metabolites and free amino acids) and some have shown a loss of structural components as well, notably phospholipids. In the present study, on paralysed and artificially ventilated rats, we measured cerebral oxygen and glucose consumptio

Changes in agricultural land-use have been suggested to contribute to the decline of several bird species through negative effects on their food supply during breeding. One important change in land-Use has been loss of pastures, especially permanent pastures. In this study we investigated how different forms of agricultural land-use affected foraging success or a declining bird species, the Europe

The Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) is developing predictive numerical models for simulating the waves, currents, sediment transport, and morphology change at and around coastal inlets. Water motion at a coastal inlet is a combination of quasi-steady currents such as river flow, tidal current, wind-generated current, and seiching, and of oscillatory flows generated by surface waves. Waves c

Anaerobic digestion and the production of biogas can provide an efficient means of meeting several objectives concerning energy, environmental and waste management policy. Interest in biogas is increasing, and new facilities are being built. There is a wide range of potential raw material, and both the biogas and digestates produced can be used in many different applications. The variation in raw

Lipotoxicity is a presumed pathogenetic process whereby elevated circulating and stored lipids in Type 2 Diabetes cause pancreatic β-cell failure. To resolve the underlying molecular mechanisms, we exposed clonal INS-1 832/13 β-cells to palmitate for 48 h. We observed elevated basal insulin secretion but impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in palmitate-exposed cells. Glucose utilization

Background Achievement of global health goals will require assessment of progress not only nationally but also for population subgroups. We aimed to assess how the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in health changes in relation to different rates of national progress in coverage of interventions for the health of mothers and children. Methods We assessed coverage in low-income and middle-inc

Objective: This study aimed to report changes in the annual incidence of invasive treatment, changes in invasive treatment modalities, and sex differences in patients treated for intermittent claudication (IC) due to infrainguinal lesions in Sweden between 2009 and 2022. Methods: Data were collected from the Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc), including all registrations of invasive treatment fo

This study examines carbon (C) and water dynamics in two East African dryland ecosystems: a savanna rangeland grazed by livestock and wildlife, and a rainfed cropland under minimal tillage. Over 185 days, both systems were showed a similar magnitude of C emissions with differing temporal patterns. The rangeland showed fluctuating C exchange, with losses followed by increased C uptake after rainfal

Disentangling the factors shaping species distributions remains a central goal in biogeography, ecology and evolutionary biology. The extrinsic pressures that may facilitate range shifts, such as climatic factors or biotic interactions are well known. However, in contrast, the possible intrinsic factors are manifold and hard to generalize across taxa. Recently, several theoretical studies have inv

Objectives: The Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) will evaluate the effectiveness of reducing intraocular pressure (lOP) in early, previously untreated open-angle glaucoma. Its secondary aims are to explore factors related to glaucoma progression and to study the natural history of the disease. This article describes the EMGT design and presents baseline data. Design: Randomized, clinical trial

The Arctic has experienced a warming rate higher than the global mean in the past decades, but previous studies show that there are large uncertainties associated with future Arctic temperature projections. In this study, near-surface mean temperatures in the Arctic are analyzed from 22 models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Compared with the ERA5 rea