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Fresh and aged diesel soot particles have different impacts on climate and human health. While fresh diesel soot particles are highly aspherical and non-hygroscopic, aged particles are spherical and hygroscopic. Aging and its effect on water uptake also controls the dispersion of diesel soot in the atmosphere. Understanding the timescales on which diesel soot ages in the atmosphere is thus importa
SynopsisReactivity trends of thioethers toward square-planar complexes can be generally interpreted by use of an equation of the form: log k = γ + α∑σ* + βθ, where k denotes second-order rate constants, ∑σ* the sum of Taft constants for the thioether substituents, and θ the thioether cone angles. γ represents an intrinsic parameter for each substrate complex, while α is an electronic and β a ster
Based on my experience and analyses of citation frequencies of papers published in various biological journals, I discuss the use of citation counts and journal Impact Factors as measures of scientific quality. I conclude that citation frequency differs not only among biological sub-disciplines such as ecology and taxonomy, but also among taxonomic papers on highly similar topics, and that these l
Metalloenzymes are proteins that contain one or more metal ions bound to protein. They constitute about one-third of all enzymes known so far and they often perform hard chemical reactions involving small substrates, like H2 and N2. In our research, we focus on those metal ions that are located in the active sites and perform redox reactions, i.e. involving electron transfer. Why enzymes?Metalloenzymes catalyse a wide variety of reactions in nature. In the thesis, I have studied the reaction mechanism of three metalloenzymes, viz. [NiFe] hydrogenase (H2ase), dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), by theoretical methods, namely quantum mechanics (QM), combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanics (QM/MM), as well as QM/MM thermodynamic cycle per
Electroactive microorganisms possess the unique ability to transfer electrons to or from a solid phase electron conductor, e.g., electrodes or minerals, through various physiological mechanisms. The processes are commonly known as extracellular electron transfer and broadly harnessed in microbial electrochemical systems, such as microbial electrosynthesis or microbial fuel cells. Except for a few Electroactive microorganisms possess the unique ability to transfer electrons to or from a solid phase electron conductor, e.g., electrodes or minerals, through various physiological mechanisms. The processes are commonly known as extracellular electron transfer and broadly harnessed in microbial electrochemical systems, such as microbial electrosynthesis or microbial fuel cells. Except for a few
Abstract: Reports and studies repeatedly indicate that foreign languages other than English are facing major challengesin European educational systems (European Commission, 2012). In Sweden, pupils’ motivation to learn a secondforeign language (SFL) is reported to be low while motivation to learn English is high (Eurobarometer 2012, Tholin& Lindqvist 2009). While there are plenty of studies st
The notion of the 'flesh' plays an important part in Jerome’s theology at large, and this is no less true of his anti-Pelagian polemics. In opposition to what he presents as the Pelagian idea of apatheia, Jerome claims that due to our existence in the flesh, we cannot hope to be free from sin during our earthly lives. A central accusation against Pelagianism which Jerome expresses in this connecti
The historical turn in human rights studies is characterized by a deep cleavage between scholars who locate the origins of human rights in the Atlantic Revolutions of the late 18th century, and scholars who instead focus on the post-WWII period in general, and on the 1970s in particular as a breakthrough decade for international human rights. Against the background of what has been described as th
The aim is to explain why union density is not only considerably higher in the Ghent country Sweden than in non-Ghent Norway but also why it has declined much more in Sweden, in par-ticular among blue-collar workers. We show how changes to Swedish unemployment insurance in 2007–2013 were followed by a decline in union density and how white-collar unions were more successful than blue-collar unionsThe aim is to explain why union density is not only considerably higher in the Ghent country Sweden than in non-Ghent Norway but also why it has declined much more in Sweden, in particular among blue-collar workers. We show how changes to Swedish unemployment insurance in 2007–2013 were followed by a decline in union density and how white-collar unions were more successful than blue-collar unions
Biomass residues have been identified as potentially promising resources for production of bio-based products and fuels with low climate impacts. Unlike primary biomass such as crops, using residual biomass may avoid issues such as competition over land for food and feed production. To assess the climate impacts of products made from residual biomass, a life cycle assessment (LCA) may be used, butBiomass residues have been identified as potentially promising resources for production of bio-based products and fuels with low climate impacts. Unlike primary biomass such as crops, using residual biomass may avoid issues such as competition over land for food and feed production. To assess the climate impacts of products made from residual biomass, a life cycle assessment (LCA) may be used, but
Thanks to simple and straightforward calculation methods it is rather easy to estimate gas temperatures in small- or medium sized enclosures; however, the problem becomes more complex if fire safety analyses are to be performed in large spaces where the hot gas layer cannot be regarded as uniform. Using a multi-zone modelling concept could be a good alternative for such situations. However, few suThanks to simple and straightforward calculation methods it is rather easy to estimate gas temperatures in small- or medium sized enclosures; however, the problem becomes more complex if fire safety analyses are to be performed in large spaces where the hot gas layer cannot be regarded as uniform. Using a multi-zone modelling concept could be a good alternative for such situations. However, few su
Freight transportation security concerns both public and private actors, however, their interests are often misaligned resulting in conflicting pressure and trade-offs. To understand this, a connection of macro and micro perspectives is required, which is enabled by an institutional lens. Furthermore, there is limited empirical knowledge of how policy design and implementation shape operational co
This thesis is devoted to the study of different aspects of groups acting on rooted trees and their applications.First, we focus on the Hausdorff dimension of groups acting on rooted trees. We develop new tools that lead to the solution of several well-known open problems in the subject due to Abért-Virág, Bartholdi, Grigorchuk, Klopsch and Shalev among others.Secondly, we study many aspects of th
The writings of the Austrian novelist and essayist Robert Musil provide sociology with vital problems and reflections. Indeed, Musil, not least in the novel The Man without qualities, introduces discussions that extend conventional and recurrent understanding of modernity – sociology’s general object of analysis. The paper focuses on three major sets of questions in Musil’s work: 1) the shapelessnThe writings of the Austrian novelist and essayist Robert Musil provide sociologywith vital problems and reflections. Indeed, Musil, not least in the novel The Manwithout qualities, introduces discussions that extend conventional and recurrentunderstanding of modernity – sociology’s general object of analysis. The paperfocuses on three major sets of questions in Musil’s work: 1) the shapelessness
