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This article reports model experiments where vocal tract profiles of high and mid unrounded front and high rounded back vowels were systematically modified to simulate small constriction shifts along the hard or soft palate, in order to test A. M. Bell's century-old proposal that small shifts of tongue arch fronting or retraction would yield audible shifts of vowel timbre. Such differences were cl
Faster bacterial biomass turnover is expected in water compared to soil, which would result in more rapid community adaption to changing environmental conditions, including temperature. Bacterial community adaptation for growth is therefore predicted to have larger seasonal amplitudes in lakes than in soil. To test this prediction, we compared the seasonal variation in temperature adaptation of ba
The discovery of genetic loci associated with complex diseases has outpaced the elucidation of mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) comprising 181,522 cases among 1,165,690 participants of predominantly European ancestry. We detected 241 associations, including 30 new loci. Cross-ancestry meta-analysis with a
The impact of livestock grazing on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the Sahel has been poorly documented due to a lack of data from different grazing intensities. This study evaluated SOC stocks under four grazing intensities within 0–30 cm soil depth in dry savanna ecosystems of Senegal. It also examined possible indirect relationships between grazing and SOC through herbaceous species diversi
The concept of scattering contrast is central to (small-angle) scattering of neutrons, X-rays, and visible light, as it defines the visibility to the radiation of the nano- and mesostructures under scrutiny, in their respective solvent or matrix. In this chapter, we start with the scattering process by elementary scatterers, such as nuclei or atoms, which produce secondary, scattered waves, and th
Endoscopically, the villi of the small bowel in intestinal lymphangiectasia typically appear white and may be swollen. Less commonly, tiny white spots are visible in the mucosa. The whitish discoloration of the villi is caused by chylomicrons, which accumulate in and obstruct the dilated lymphatic capillaries. These changes can also be demonstrated histologically. Lymphangiectasia is characterized
Background: Obesity is a chronic disease linked to over 200 health conditions, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Despite the availability of multimodal treatments, there is a lack of standardised, patient-centred outcome measures to effectively assess and improve clinical care. This project aimed to define a core set of standardised outcome measures for adults with obesity, incorpo
Population ageing is a fact of all advanced economies. Fewer people are born all the while current members live longer. The support which old people have come to depend on, for example through elderly care and pensions, thus becomes increasingly expensive. This accentuates an assurance problem. Although it has been and still is the case that the young are willing to support the currently old, this
OBJECTIVES: To elucidate antibody responses after the second and third dose of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) treated with biologic/targeted disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/ts DMARDs).METHODS: Antibody levels to antigens representing spike full length protein and spike S1 were measured before vaccination, 2-12 weeks after the second dose, before a
Background: Anterior resection (AR) is considered the gold standard for curative cancer treatment in the middle and upper rectum. The goal of the sphincter-preserving procedure, such as AR, is vulnerable to anastomotic leak (AL) complications. Defunctioning stoma (DS) became the protective measure against AL. Often a defunctioning loop-ileostomy is used, which is associated with substantial morbid
AIMS: To investigate the association between glycemic control and outcome in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after carotid intervention due to carotid stenosis.METHODS: Observational nationwide population-based cohort study using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) and Cox regressions with covariates, that is, 4 stepwise models, investigating the relationship between terciles of glyca
Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, including high resolution microscopy, was employed to characterize the interfaces between hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films and steel substrates. Films were deposited both by ion beam decomposition of large hydrocarbon molecules and by magnetron plasma decomposition of C2H2. The latter method was also used to deposit Mo- and W-containing
Earth's life support systems depend on biodiversity and healthy ecosystems. Without radical transformations, staying within safe planetary boundaries becomes impossible. While the inequalities between Global North and Global South are increasingly acknowledged, the agency and rights of people often placed in the category of 'vulnerable' -women, youth, indigenous peoples and local communities- are
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the commonest childhood malignancy and is characterized by recurring structural genetic alterations. Previous studies of DNA methylation suggest epigenetic alterations may also be important, but an integrated genome-wide analysis of genetic and epigenetic alterations in ALL has not been performed. We analyzed 137 B-lineage and 30 T-lineage childhood ALL cases
BACKGROUND: Parents experience a range of mental health disorders following their child's cancer diagnosis. It is thus essential to explore how the child's cancer diagnosis affects the dosage of psychotropic medication in both short- and long-term use, as well as potential disparities in utilization patterns between mothers and fathers.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using Swedish registers, we identified a
Non-aqueous precipitating amine systems for carbon capture allows for CO2 desorption at lower temperatures than conventional aqueous amine systems and can potentially reduce the energy requirement for regeneration. In this work, the influence of water accumulation that may arise from humid gases entering the absorption column was investigated for absorption systems containing 2-amino-2-methyl-1-pr
