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In this paper results are presented from a range of experiments to explore the feasibility of inserting a ceramic material PZT (lead zirconium titanate) into different kinds of high-aspect-ratio resist moulds. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and SU-8 on silicon substrates and free-standing SU-8 membranes with microcavities or through-holes (defined by X-ray lithography) have been used as moulding me
This paper presents a discussion of the general reasons for conducting comparative research, the need for a socio-legal functional approach and the motives for subjecting Swedish, English and German labour law to study. Anna Christensen's theory of the normative field of law is discussed and applied to the field of comparative labour law research. The focus of the research is the legal regulation
The effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal mycelial colonization and carbon allocation were assessed using Pinus silvestris plants grown in association with an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Plants were placed in perspex growth chambers divided by a central partition so that soils of different pH could be used on either side of the chambers. Differences between the growth form and growth rates of the fungi
The aim of this study was to establish guidelines for US assessment of the talo-crural, the talo-navicular and the calcaneo-cuboid joints during the first year of life, which could serve as a reference while studying foot deformities. The feet of 54 healthy children were examined at birth and at the age of 4, 7 and 12 months by using three easily defined and reproducible US projections. With a med
In several countries, increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue in young adults has been suspected during the last decades. Some reports indicate a lower survival rate for young patients compared to older patients. In other reports, there has not been any considerable difference in survival when comparing young adults to older patients, whereas some authors have shown bett
In vitro growth hormone (GH) stimulation of Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) tyrosine phosphorylation and activation has been detected in rat adipocytes where GH exerts both chronic diabetogenic and acute insulin-like effects but not in adipocytes where only chronic diabetogenic effects are exerted. The 95 kDa transcription factor Stat5, which is tyrosine phosphorylated in response to GH in both cases, is he
Questions: How is succession on ex-arable land affected by sowing high and low diversity mixtures of grassland species as compared to natural succession? How long do effects persist? Location: Experimental plots installed in the Czech Republic, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Methods: The experiment was established on ex-arable land, with five blocks, each containing three
Our knowledge of muscle function in chronic neurological disorders, the effects of exercise, and how the effects might translate into improvements in activities of daily living is very limited. By building a bridge between basic muscle physiology and clinical rehabilitation, our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle dysfunction in people with chronic neurological disorde
The ratios of yields of anti-baryons to baryons probes the mechanisms of baryon-number transport. Results for (p) over bar /p, (Lambda) over bar/Lambda, (Xi) over bar (+)/(Xi) over bar (-) and (Omega) over bar (+)/(Omega) over bar (-) in pp collisions at root s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV, measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC, are reported. Within the experimental uncertainties and ranges covered
Background: An early sign of heart failure (HF) is a decreased cardiac reserve or inability to adequately increase cardiac output during exercise. Under normal circumstances maximal cardiac output is closely related to peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)peak) which has previously been shown to be closely related to total heart volume (THV). Thus, the aim of this study was to derive a VO(2)peak/THV ratio and
Background Both acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion contribute to cardiomyocyte death in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The final infarct size is the principal determinant of subsequent clinical outcome in STEMI patients. In a proof-of-concept phase II trial, the administration of cyclosporine prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) has been associated with a
The number of approved antiangiogenic drugs is constantly growing and emphasizes the need for predictive biomarkers. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive value of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) and microRNA-126 (miR126) to first-line chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab, in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A total of 158 patients from two different
Aspergillus niger-treated dry olive cake (DryOC) can be used as a soil organic amendment and the aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of this amendment and a Cd-adapted arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus in improving Trifolium repens growth and nutrition in Cd-contaminated soil. In a compartmentalized growth system, consisting of a root compartment (RC) and two hyphal compartments (HCs)
Astrand H, Stalhand J, Karlsson J, Karlsson M, Sonesson B, Lanne T. In vivo estimation of the contribution of elastin and collagen to the mechanical properties in the human abdominal aorta: effect of age and sex. J Appl Physiol 110: 176-187, 2011. First published November 11, 2010; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00579.2010.-The mechanical properties of the aorta affect cardiac function and are related t
Concentration of nutrients and balance between nutrients in trees can affect tree vitality, and are dependent on soil conditions and atmospheric deposition. The aim of this investigation was to survey the concentration of nutrients in beech bark and to look for relationships with the frost sensitivity of the bark. Beech trees with bark lesions were compared to undamaged beech trees on five experim
BACKGROUND: The method for red marrow dosimetry in radioimmunotherapy, in the absence of specific activity uptake in red marrow, is based on the activity measured in the blood or plasma. The activity concentration ratio of red marrow to blood is then assumed to be constant. The aim of the current study was to determine whether this ratio varies with time after injection. METHODS: Measurements were
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains from anti-HBe positive patients often show specific mutations in the precore gene, the core promoter region, or both. The dynamics of seroconversion in relation to the appearance of these mutations has not been studied and compared between defined HBV genotypes. Samples from patients followed during seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe were amplified by polymerase
In addition to proton-pumping complex I, plant mitochondria contain several type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in the electron transport chain. The extra enzymes allow the nonenergy-conserving electron transfer from cytoplasmic and matrix NAD(P)H to ubiquinone. We have investigated the type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase gene families in Arabidopsis. This model plant contains two and four genes closely rela
