Filtyp
The effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization (0-150 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) since 1865) and pH (3.3-7.4) on fungal and bacterial growth, biomass and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition were investigated in grassland soils from the 'Park Grass Experiment', Rothamsted Research, UK. Bacterial growth decreased and fungal growth increased with lower pH, resulting in a 50-fold increase in the relative
We studied bacterial and fungal colonization of submerged plant litter, using a known Si-accumulator (Equisetum arvense), in experimental microcosms during one month. We specifically addressed the microbial decomposer role concerning biogenic silica (bSiO2) dissolution from the degrading litter. To vary the rates and level of microbial colonization, the litter was combined with a range of mineral
There is growing evidence of the importance of extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of mycorrhizal fungi in carbon (C) cycling in ecosystems. However, our understanding has until recently been mainly based on laboratory experiments, and knowledge of such basic parameters as variations in mycelial production, standing biomass and turnover as well as the regulatory mechanisms behind such variations in fores
Mycorrhizal fungi constitute a considerable sink for carbon in most ecosystems. This carbon is used for building extensive mycelial networks in the soil as well as for metabolic activity related to nutrient uptake. A number of methods have been developed recently to quantify production, standing biomass and turnover of extramatrical mycorrhizal mycelia (EMM) in the field. These methods include min
Global patterns in soil, plant, and fungal stable isotopes of N (delta N-15) show promise as integrated metrics of N cycling, particularly the activity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. At small spatial scales, however, it remains difficult to differentiate the underlying causes of plant delta N-15 variability and this limits the application of such measurements to better understand N cycling. We co
Our aim was to examine the effect of water stress on plant growth and development of two native plant species (Tetraclinis articulata and Crithmum maritimum) and on microbial community composition and activity in the rhizosphere soil, following the addition of an organic amendment, namely sugar beet residue (SBR), and/or the inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, namely Glomus mos
Soil tillage practices affect the soil microbial community in various ways, with possible consequences for nitrogen (N) losses, plant growth and soil organic carbon (C) sequestration. As microbes affect soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics largely through their activity, their impact may not be deduced from biomass measurements alone. Moreover, residual microbial tissue is thought to facilitate SOM
Secondary hole-nesting birds that do not construct nest holes themselves and hence regularly breed in nest boxes constitute important model systems for field studies in many biological disciplines with hundreds of scientists and amateurs involved. Those research groups are spread over wide geographic areas that experience considerable variation in environmental conditions, and researchers provide
The thesis aims to explore what influences the Danish consumers when choosing food distribution channels in 2020 and further to test if current theories of consumers’ channel choice can be applied in the year of 2020. The thesis takes on a qualitative approach with mathematical principles and employs the Delphi Method as the primary method to collect data. To conduct the empirical analysis a desk
Despite significant efforts to reconstruct the Holocene glacial history in Scandinavia, evidence of glacier fluctuations in Sweden has mostly been limited to palaeoclimatic proxies, while dating of direct geological evidence from glacier forelands is still rare. This is the first study in Sweden that has attempted to fully reconstruct dynamics, chronology and palaeoclimate of a glacier throughout
Background: Salinity is a significant environmental stress factor limiting crops productivity. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has a natural tolerance to salinity stress, making it an interesting study object in stress biology research. In the present study, for the first time the effect of salinity stress on barley inflorescence developmental stages was investigated. Five spring barley genotypes irri
The mineralo-sphere is an important micro habitat in terrestrial ecosystems. How different groups of microorganisms colonise mineral surfaces and whether the level of grassland land-use intensity (LUI) modifies this micro-habitat is not well known, however. We exposed mesh containers filled with pristine soil minerals (illite/goethite) mixed with 13C labelled root litter of Dactylis glomerata and
Assessing cross-taxon congruence is vital for effective forest conservation, because different taxonomic groups may respond inconsistently to key habitat variables such as stand age. We examined six taxonomic groups—insects, arachnids, springtails, epiphytic lichens, bryophytes, and vascular plants—across 25 Swedish oak stands ranging from 19 to 165 years old to determine whether species richness
Selection leading to adaptation to interactions may generate rapid evolutionary feedbacks and drive diversification of species interactions. The challenge is to understand how the many traits of interacting species combine to shape local adaptation in ways directly or indirectly resulting in diversification. We used the well-studied interactions between Lithophragma plants (Saxifragaceae) and Grey
Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), or the partitioning of assimilated C into growth or respiration, is a key parameter that is central to understanding the soil C cycle and its feedback to environmental and climate change. The availability of nitrogen (N), organic matter (OM) quality and environmental factors influence CUE indirectly by affecting growth rates and respiration of the major micro
Insects in temperate areas spend the inhospitable winter conditions in a resting stage known as diapause. In species that diapause in the larval or pupal stage, the decision whether to diapause or develop directly is customarily taken during the late instars, with long days (i.e., long light phases) and high temperatures promoting direct development. Among butterflies that overwinter as adults, da
In particle accelerator facilities, single-phase niobium is used in superconducting accelerator components. Machining induced surface quality of such components is strongly connected to the functionality of accelerators. In this study, tool wear development and its influence on the surface quality of Nb workpiece have been investigated in longitudinal turning. Uncoated cemented carbide cutting tooIn particle accelerator facilities, single-phase niobium is used in superconducting accelerator components. Machining induced surface quality of such components is strongly connected to the functionality of accelerators. In this study, tool wear development and its influence on the surface quality of Nb workpiece have been investigated in longitudinal turning. Uncoated cemented carbide cutting too
