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Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in atmospheric chemistry, yet most studies have focused on canopy emissions. Decomposition of forest litter, a major below-canopy VOC source, can substantially influence atmospheric oxidation and aerosol formation. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), one of the most widely distributed tree species across the boreal zone, produces terpen
The conservation community sorely lacks a global indicator of change in insect populations. Given widespread insect declines, addressing this gap is key for conservation and policy targets. We suggest that butterfly monitoring programs can serve as the foundation for an effective global network of insect monitoring. To assess this potential, we bring together an international consortium and calcul
Evolutionary genomics has recently entered a new era in the study of host-pathogen interactions. A variety of novel genomic techniques has transformed the identification, detection, and classification of both hosts and pathogens, allowing a greater resolution that helps decipher their underlying dynamics and provides novel insights into their environmental context. Nevertheless, many challenges to
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a major source of macronutrients to freshwaters, yet it has variable and poorly understood bioavailability. Because intrinsic variation in bioavailability is caused by chemical structures of organic nutrients, DOM composition data should improve predictions of bioavailable resource pool sizes. We hypothesized that bioavailable organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) f
Numerous studies have investigated microbial adaptation to increasing soil temperature, but limitations in experimental design hinder comprehensive understanding. These include short-term laboratory studies with constant environmental conditions and field studies with few distinct temperature treatments. Here, we utilized a long-term natural soil geothermal gradient in Aotearoa, New Zealand, rangi
Understanding variation in survival and reproduction is key for conservation and management of bird populations. By compiling and analysing data on hatching success (i.e. proportion of nests with at least one hatched egg) from Common Eider Somateria m. mollissima, Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca and Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator, all breeding on a single island in the Baltic Sea, we demonst
Summary Data on species' demography are essential to detect changes in population size, identify drivers of population change, motivate conservation plans, or evaluate the effectiveness of management. The Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus is a seabird with a circumpolar distribution, which is listed as Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) European Red List, al
Biobreeding-diabetes prone (BB-DP) rats spontaneously develop organ-specific autoimmunity and are severely lymphopenic and particularly deficient in ART2+ regulatory T cells. A special breed, the so-called BB-diabetic-resistant (DR) rats, are not lymphopenic and do not develop organ-specific autoimmunity. The genetic difference between both strains is the lymphopenia (lyp) gene. Intrathymic tolera
Haemoproteus (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) is the largest genus of avian haemosporidian parasites, some species of which cause lethal diseases in birds. Subgenera Parahaemoproteus and Haemoproteus are usually accepted in this genus; these parasites are transmitted by biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) and hippoboscid flies (Hippoboscidae), respectively. As of yet, species of Parahaemoproteus have no
Abstract In line with inbreeding theory, genetic diversity at a set of molecular markers may explain variation in fitness-associated traits in partially inbred populations, and such associations will appear as 'genotype-fitness correlations'. An individual genetic diversity index specifically used for microsatellites is 'mean d(2)', i.e. the mean squared distance between alleles. The original hypo
Unraveling the genetic basis of organismal form and function remains one of the major goals of evolutionary biology. Theory has long supported a model of polygenic evolution in which quantitative traits are underpinned by many genes of small effect, but empirical methods have lacked the power to detect causative loci when effect sizes are small or moderate. We (i) review traditional approaches use
A fundamental question in ecology is whether microorganisms follow the same patterns as multicellular organisms when it comes to population structure and levels of genetic diversity. Enormous population sizes, predominately asexual reproduction and presumably high dispersal because of small body size could have profound implications on their genetic diversity and population structure. Here, we hav
