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Anti-Ro(52/60) and anti-La constitute the hallmark autoantibodies in primary Sjögren's syndrome, being present in 40-70% of sera. Several anti-Ro/La assays exist, but antibody detection appears to be assay-specific, thus the aim of this study was to compare several anti-Ro/La assays. In total, 96 sera from individuals with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 114 healthy controls were tested for anti-Ro
Using the concepts of social norms and social reality, this chapter explores why legal reforms that aimed to facilitate the formalization of informal workers have largely failed to influence vulnerable groups in developing countries. It explores the use of legal reforms in order to achieve development and poverty reduction. Using empirical material from a qualitative study conducted in Colombia am
Within insect communities, the population ecology of organisms representing higher trophic levels, for example, hymenopterous parasitoids, may be influenced by the structure of their insect hosts. Using microsatellite markers and ecological data, we investigated the population structure of the specialist braconid wasp parasitoid, Lysiphlebus hirticornis Mackauer attacking Metopeurum fuscoviride, a
Background: Narayanan & Raman (2004) present what they call an approach to treat incentive misalignments. It consists of three steps: Accept the premise, Pinpoint the cause, and Align or redesign. The first step, accept the premise, is simply acknowledging that there is such a thing as incentive misalignments. The second step, pinpoint the cause, is the process of identifying and describing w
In the interaction between two ecologically-associated species, the population structure of one species may affect the population structure of the other. Here, we examine the population structures of the aphid Metopeurum fuscoviride, a specialist on tansy Tanacetum vulgare, and its specialist primary hymenopterous parasitoid Lysiphlebus hirticornis, both of which are characterized by multivoltine
Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase transfers sulfate to the 3-OH position of a glucosamine residue of heparan sulfate (HS) to form 3-O-sulfated HS. The 3-O-sulfated glucosamine residue contributes to two important biological functions of HS: binding to antithrombin and thereby carrying anticoagulant activity, and binding to herpes simplex viral envelope glycoprotein D to serve as an entry recept
In this paper, which was prepared as part of IEA Bioenergy Task XV (“Greenhouse Gas Balances of Bioenergy Systems”), we outline a standard methodology for comparing the greenhouse gas balances of bioenergy systems with those of fossil energy systems. Emphasis is on a careful definition of system boundaries. The following issues are dealt with in detail: time interval analysed and changes of carbon
So far, the use of epostane, a relatively new inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase enzyme system (3 beta-HSD), has been confined to short-term interference with luteal and placental function. This study explored whether epostane treatment from the beginning of the cycle for approximately 1 month would also inhibit ovarian follicular function. Twenty females wi
Many paleoceanographic reconstructions of the glacial North Atlantic include estimates of iceberg discharge, which are based on the variable abundance of ice-rafted detritus (IRD) in deep-sea sediments. IRD abundance is most often determined by the mechanical separation and painstaking counting of terrigenous particles larger than a specified threshold grain size, typically 150 mum. Here we presen
Methods for facile synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric functionalized analogues of Tröger's base were developed with use of 2,8-dibromo-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine (2) as the starting material. C(2)-symmetric 2,8-disubstituted analogues of Tröger's base (4a-f) were synthesized via double bromine-lithium exchange of 2 followed by quench with electrophiles. Desymmetrization via
Ion microprobe U-Th-Pb analyses of zircons in variably metamorphosed and veined orthogneisses in the southern part of the parautochthonous Eastern Segment of the Sveconorwegian (1.20-0.90 Ga) orogen, SW Sweden, broadly define two age groups, oscillatory and sector zoned magmatic zircon cores yield 1.70-1.68 Ga while overgrowths, homogeneous crystals, and recrystallized domains in primary zircon yi
Reaction of the tetradentate ligand N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N, N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl) amine (L - OH) with MoO2Cl2 in methanol in the presence of NaOMe and PF6- results in the formation of [MoO2(L - O)] PF6. Similarly, the reaction of N-(2-mercaptobenzyl)- N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl) amine (L -SH) with MoO2(acac)(2) leads to the formation of [MoO2(L - S)](+). The dioxo-molybdenum complex [MoO2(L - O)](+)
OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors of carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract in men. METHODS: Newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed patients, 35-70 years old, were interviewed between 1995 and 1997 in Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany and Italy. Population controls were frequency-matched by age and region. Adjusted odds ratios and 95%-confidence intervals were estimated by logistic re
Doubly excited core-hole states of carbon monoxide in the photon energy region of 300-305 eV, i.e., directly above the C 1s ionization threshold, have been studied using both angle-resolved ion-yield and high-resolution resonant Auger spectroscopies. The leading configurations of the most prominent doubly excited Rydberg states are assigned by careful analysis of the ion-yield spectra and the fina
The application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for characterization of mixed plutonium and uranium particles from nuclear weapons material is presented. The particles originated from the so-called Thule accident in Greenland in 1968. Morphological properties have been studied by SEM and two groups were identified: a “popcorn” structure and a spongy
The Anderson-Wilkins (AW) electrocardiographic (ECG) acuteness score complements time from pain onset in prognostic stratification of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, for the AW acuteness score to be of practical use in the acute situation, it must be an integral component of a commercial automated ECG analysis program. The objective of this study was to determine the conc
